Donald Traxler's Poetry

Thursday, February 27, 2020

Commentary on the Teachings of Rabbi Yeshua XI - The Avinu (Mt. 6:9-13)

The Avinu (Our Father) is somewhat different in its Hebrew and Aramaic versions. The latter typically does not have the word "our," but begins "abba d'bashamaya" (Father in heaven). The oldest Hebrew version that we have is that in Shem-Tob's Hebrew Matthew:

אָבִינוּ יִתְקַדַש שְׁמֶךָ׃ 9

וְיִתְבַרֵך מַלְכוּתֶךָ רְצוֹנְךָ יִהְיֶה עָשוּי בַשָׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ׃ 10

וְתִתֶן לֶחְמַנוּ תְמִידִית׃ 11

וּמָחוֹל לָנוּ חֵטְאתֵינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר אֲנַחְנוּ מוֹחְלִים לְחוֹטְאִים לָנוּ׃ 12

וְאַל תְּבִיאֵנוּ לִידֵי נִסָּיוֹן וְשָׁמְרֵינוּ מִכָל רָע אָמֵן׃ 13

[The pointing is mine, so there may be errors.]

Here is canonical Matthew:

Our Father who art in heaven,

Hallowed be thy name.

Thy kingdom come,

Thy will be done,

On earth as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread;

And forgive us our debts,

As we also have forgiven our debtors;

And lead us not into temptation,

But deliver us from evil.

And here is canonical Luke:

Father,

Hallowed be thy name.

Thy kingdom come.

Give us each day our daily bread;

and forgive us our sins,

for we ourselves forgive everyone who is

indebted to us;

and lead us not into temptation.

The observant reader will notice that instead of "thy kingdom come," the Hebrew has "may thy kingdom be blessed." The Hebrew also does not say "in heaven" with regard to the Father, Also, our bread is "continual," rather than "daily."

If we compare the version in Hebrew Matthew to that in canonical Luke, we see that Luke is sparse, and appears incomplete. Luke's "Father," rather than "Our Father," reminds us of the Aramaic version, so it is possible that the version in Luke was translated from an early, incomplete Aramaic version.

But we also see that Luke has "sins" rather than "debts," as does Hebrew Matthew.

Luke does not speak of our Father's will at all. Luke does not ask that we be kept from all evil, as both Hebrew Matthew and canonical Matthew do,

It appears that the version in Luke is a primitive one, probably taken from a source other than Matthew, possibly an Aramaic source.

The version of the Avinu in Matthew (whether Hebrew or Greek Matthew) is a magnificent little prayer, and it seems to have its roots, at least loosely and symbolically, in the first, third, sixth, and ninth blessings of the Amidah (or Sh'moneh Esrei), the central prayer in the Jewish liturgy. This indicates, at least to me, that Rabbi Yeshua did not intend to break away from Judaism, but only to reform it. The intention of Saul / Paul of Tarsus may, though, have been different.

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

Commentary on the Teachings of Rabbi Yeshua X - Mt. 5:13-15

בְעֵת הָהִיא אָמַר יֶשׁ“וּ לְתַלְמִידָיו מֶלַח אַתֶם בְעוֹלָמ אִם הַמֶלַח יִבְטֹלַח טַעַמוֹ בַּמֶה יוֹמְלָח ואֵינוֹ שְׁוָה כְלוּם אֶלָּא שְיוֹשְׁלִךְ בַחוּץ לְהָיוֹת מִרְמָס רַגְלַיִם׃ 13

מָאוֹר אַתֶּם בְעוֹלָם עִיר בָנוֹיה עַל הָהָר לֹא תוּכַל לְהִסָתֵר׃ 14

לֹא יִדְלִיקוּ נֵר לְהָשִׂים אוֹתוֹ בְמָקוֹם נִסְתַר שְלֹא תָאֵיר רַק מְשִימִים אוֹתוֹ עַל הַמְנוֹרָה לְהָאֵיר לְכָל בְנֵי הַבָיִת׃

15

The verses above are Mt. 5:13-15 in Shem-Tob's Hebrew Matthew. The pointing is mine, so there could be errors in it (if you spot any, please point them out to me).

Here is Professor Howard's excellent translation:

13 At that time Jesus said to his disciples: You are salt in the world. If the salt is neutralized in regard to its taste with what will it be salted? It is fit for nothing but to be cast outside to be trampled under foot.

14 You are light in the world. A city built upon a hill cannot be hidden.

15 They do not light a lamp to place it in a hidden place where it cannot shine; but they place it upon a lamp stand so that it might shine for all in the house.

Before I give the canonical version, I would like to point out some interesting and very important things about these verses as they appear in Hebrew:

1) Verses 13 and 14 are connected by the catchword "world," as are verses 14 and 15 by the catchword "hidden."

2) In verse 14, there is an assonance between "city" ("ir") and "light" ("or"). This assonance only works in a Semitic language, in this case Hebrew. This is further evidence for the Semitic substratum in Matthew.

As I've mentioned before, catchwords are a mnemonic device associated with the oral transmission stage. This suggests an early, probably first-century date for Hebrew Matthew.

Now, here is the canonical version, from the RSV:

13 You are the salt of the earth; but if salt has lost its taste, how shall its saltness be restored? It is no longer good for anything except to be thrown out and trodden under foot by men.

14 You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hid.

15 Nor do men light a lamp and put it under a bushel, but on a stand, and it gives light to all in the house.

The reader will notice that in the canonical, Greek version, the catchword "world" has been lost, because the Greek translation has "earth / world." The catchword "hidden has also been lost, because the Greek has "hid / bushel." Clearly, it is not the Greek version that goes back to the stage of oral transmission.

It is also of great significance that the Hebrew verses have commonalities with Logia 32/33 in the Gospel of Thomas (GTh): In both Hebrew and GTh, the city is "built," rather than set. GTh has BOTH "bushel" and "hidden place," thus maintaining the catchword "hidden." It is interesting that the order of these sayings was maintained in canonical Matthew, even though catchword connections had been lost. GTh was not known in medieval times, only having been rediscovered in 1945. One of the preeminent researchers on GTh, April D. DeConick, considers Logia 32/33 to be part of the "Kernel Gospel," which she dates to 30-50 CE, as opposed to later accretions.. Both Hebrew Matthew and the Gospelof Thomas are, in their core versions, older than our canonical Gospel texts. The evidence is simply overwhelming.

It Is the Forest that Teaches Me / +fr, es, pt, eo, heb

It is the forest that teaches me,
and all the creatures in it.
The universe is my guru
and my rabbi.
All nature
is my congregation.

C'est la forêt qui m'apprend,
et toutes les créatures qui s'y trouvent.
L'univers est mon gourou
et mon rabbin.
Toute la nature
est ma congrégation.

Es el bosque que me enseña
y todas las criaturas que contiene.
El universo es mi gurú.
y mi rabino
Toda la naturaleza
es mi congregacion

É a floresta que me ensina,
e todas as criaturas nela.
O universo é meu guru
e meu rabino.
Toda a natureza
é a minha congregação.

Estas la arbaro, kiu instruas min,
kaj ĉiuj kreitaĵoj en ĝi.
La universo estas mia guruo
kaj mia rabeno.
La tuta naturo
estas mia kongregacio.

היער הוא שמלמד אותי,
וכל היצורים שבתוכו.
היקום הוא הגורו שלי
והרב שלי.
כל הטבע
זו הקהילה שלי.

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

78,000 Visits, and the Road Ahead

Today we are passing the milestone of 78,000 visits to this blog since I started it in October 2016. As always, I thank my loyal readers in well over a hundred countries.

I expect that the content of the blog will remain much the same in coming months: poetry, photography, and the occasional prose piece. At the same time, I think there is likely to be a sharpening of focus: I need to get back to my work on the Hebrew Gospel of Matthew. I will be continuing to point the text, and will further extend the Commentary on the Teachings of Rabbi Yeshua. These things will, at any rate, be among my priorities.

I am not sure whether I will be adding to my memoir. Having published what I have, in twenty parts, I feel less pressure about it.

Thanks to all of you for making this blog the success that it already is. Thank you, merci, gracias, obrigado, todah, wadó, ꮹꮩ.

The Cosmic Woman / La femme cosmique / La mujer cósmica / A mulher cósmica / La kosma virino

There is only the cosmic woman
and the cosmic man.
We live myriad billions of lives
while she lowers her fan.

Il n'y a que la femme cosmique
et l'homme cosmique.
Nous vivons des milliards de vies
pendant qu'elle baisse son éventail.

Solo hay la mujer cósmica
y el hombre cósmico.
Vivimos miles de millones de vidas
mientras que ella baja su abanico.

Existe apenas a mulher cósmica
e o homem cósmico.
Vivemos uma infinidade de bilhões de vidas
enquanto ela abaixa o leque.

Estas nur la kosma virino
kaj la kosma homo.
Ni vivas multajn miliardojn da vivoj
dum ŝi malaltigas sian ventumilon.

The Ruins of this Riches Les ruines de cette richesse / +es, pt, eo, heb

Even the ruins of this riches
are a gift and sacrosanct.

Même les ruines de cette richesse
sont un cadeau et sacro-saintes.

Incluso las ruinas de esta riqueza
son un regalo y sacrosantas.

Até as ruínas dessa riqueza
são um presente e sacrossantas.

Eĉ la ruinoj de ĉi tiu riĉaĵo
estas donaco kaj sacrosantaj.

אפילו הריסות העושר הזה
הם מתנה ומקודש.

Sunday, February 23, 2020

Jeshuano / Yeshuan / Yeshuen / Yeshuano

Jeshuano mi estis,
Jeshuano mi estas.
La mia fido jam kreskis,
sed kore Judo mi restas.
chi-tio estas nova vido,
antauen marshas ni kun fido.
Forlasante chiun malamon,
ni audas novan klamon.
Ni komencas novan vivon.
Sekvante la rabenon
mi eniras la ghardenon.
Dum nova suno sin levighas,
mian vivon mi revivigas.

I was a Yeshuan,
I am a Yeshuan.
My faith has grown,
but I remain at heart a Jew.
This is a new vision,
we walk forward with faith.
Leaving all hatred,
we hear a new call.
We start a new life.
Following the rabbi,
I enter the garden.
As a new sun rises,
I revive my life.

J'étais un Yeshuen,
Je suis un Yeshuen.
Ma foi a grandi,
mais je reste dans l'âme juif.
Ceci est une nouvelle vision,
nous avançons avec foi.
Laissant toute haine,
nous entendons un nouvel appel.
Nous commençons une nouvelle vie.
Suivant le rabbin,
J'entre dans le jardin.
Alors qu'un nouveau soleil se lève,
Je ressuscite ma vie.

Yo era un yeshuano,
Soy un yeshuano.
Mi fe ha crecido
Pero sigo siendo judío en mi corazón.
Esta es una nueva visión,
Avanzamos con fe.
Dejando todo el odio,
Escuchamos una nueva llamada.
Comenzamos una nueva vida.
Siguiendo al rabino,
Entro al jardín.
A medida que sale un nuevo sol,
Revivo mi vida.

Eu era Yeshuano
Eu sou um Yeshuano.
Minha fé cresceu,
mas permaneço no coração judeu..
Esta é uma nova visão,
seguimos em frente com fé.
Deixando todo o ódio,
ouvimos uma nova chamada.
Começamos uma nova vida.
Após o rabino,
Eu entro no jardim.
Quando um novo sol nasce,
Eu revivo minha vida.