Commentary on the Teachings of Rabbi Yeshua XI - The Avinu (Mt. 6:9-13)

The Avinu (Our Father) is somewhat different in its Hebrew and Aramaic versions. The latter typically does not have the word "our," but begins "abba d'bashamaya" (Father in heaven). The oldest Hebrew version that we have is that in Shem-Tob's Hebrew Matthew:

אָבִינוּ יִתְקַדַש שְׁמֶךָ׃ 9

וְיִתְבַרֵך מַלְכוּתֶךָ רְצוֹנְךָ יִהְיֶה עָשוּי בַשָׁמַיִם וּבָאָרֶץ׃ 10

וְתִתֶן לֶחְמַנוּ תְמִידִית׃ 11

וּמָחוֹל לָנוּ חֵטְאתֵינוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר אֲנַחְנוּ מוֹחְלִים לְחוֹטְאִים לָנוּ׃ 12

וְאַל תְּבִיאֵנוּ לִידֵי נִסָּיוֹן וְשָׁמְרֵינוּ מִכָל רָע אָמֵן׃ 13

[The pointing is mine, so there may be errors.]

Here is canonical Matthew:

Our Father who art in heaven,

Hallowed be thy name.

Thy kingdom come,

Thy will be done,

On earth as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread;

And forgive us our debts,

As we also have forgiven our debtors;

And lead us not into temptation,

But deliver us from evil.

And here is canonical Luke:

Father,

Hallowed be thy name.

Thy kingdom come.

Give us each day our daily bread;

and forgive us our sins,

for we ourselves forgive everyone who is

indebted to us;

and lead us not into temptation.

The observant reader will notice that instead of "thy kingdom come," the Hebrew has "may thy kingdom be blessed." The Hebrew also does not say "in heaven" with regard to the Father, Also, our bread is "continual," rather than "daily."

If we compare the version in Hebrew Matthew to that in canonical Luke, we see that Luke is sparse, and appears incomplete. Luke's "Father," rather than "Our Father," reminds us of the Aramaic version, so it is possible that the version in Luke was translated from an early, incomplete Aramaic version. 

But we also see that Luke has "sins" rather than "debts," as does Hebrew Matthew.

Luke does not speak of our Father's will at all. Luke does not ask that we be kept from all evil, as both Hebrew Matthew and canonical Matthew do,

It appears that the version in Luke is a primitive one, probably taken from a source other than Matthew, possibly an Aramaic source.

The version of the Avinu in Matthew (whether Hebrew or Greek Matthew) is a magnificent little prayer, and it seems to have its roots, at least loosely and symbolically, in the first, third, sixth, and ninth blessings of the Amidah (or Sh'moneh Esrei), the central prayer in the Jewish liturgy. This indicates, at least to me, that Rabbi Yeshua did not intend to break away from Judaism, but only to reform it. The intention of Saul / Paul of Tarsus may, though, have been different.

Text © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.