Emotional Exhaustion

My country is burning, and instead of unifying leadership, we have a malintentioned cretin in the White House, gleefully throwing accelerant on the flames. Shocking murders at the hands of the police and of white racists are everyday things.

At the same time, we are battling a deadly pandemic, to which our national response has been leaderless and pathetic. We have four percent of the world's population, and thirty percent of its COVID-19 infections. African Americans die at twice the rate of the general population due to systemic inequalities.

Armed right-wing thugs bring weapons of war into statehouses.

Climate change is putting us all increasingly at risk.

Against such a backdrop, I hate to mention that someone in the United States has spent twenty of the last twenty-four hours harvesting 426 of my poems. I can only assume that he or she is a pirate, not a poetry lover, and plans to publish an unauthorized collection of my work. I have not authorized ANY such collection. Please don't buy it. Let me know (exolinguist at gmail dot com) if you see it.

Now I can go back to just being emotionally exhausted.


© 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.

wado, equa-adanvdo / ᏩᏙ, ᎡᏆ-ᎠᏓᏅᏙ

wado, equa-adanvdo, hia itse iga nasgihai,
adanvtige alisdelvdu ayvne ulisgedu-igvnedi nasgine osdv. Yu!
adanvtige asquanigodu itsulv niganayegvna ale osdv. Yu!
wado aqua uyelvhetso nasgihai.

ᏩᏙ, ᎡᏆ-ᎠᏓᏅᏙ, ᎯᎠ ᎢᏤ ᎢᎦ ᎾᏍᎩᎭᎢ,
ᎠᏓᏅᏘᎨ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏚ ᎠᏴᏁ ᎤᎵᏍᎨᏚ-ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᏁ ᎣᏍᏛ. Ᏻ!
ᎠᏓᏅᏘᎨ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏚ ᎢᏧᎸ ᏂᎦᎾᏰᎬᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎣᏍᏛ. Ᏻ!
ᏩᏙ ᎠᏆ ᎤᏰᎸᎮᏦ ᎾᏍᎩᎭᎢ.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

uyelvha agadohvsdi / nasgi-ageya

nasgi-ageya vgalutsase ahani
ale adanedase dikahnawadvsdine.

ᎾᏍᎩ-ᎠᎨᏯ ᎥᎦᎷᏣᏎ ᎠᎭᏂ
ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏁᏓᏎ ᏗᎧᎿᏩᏛᏍᏗᏁ.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Udugi as an Intertribal Lingua Franca

Many Native American tribes no longer have their own language. This, in fact, is the trend, as the older people, the really fluent speakers, die off. Meanwhile the Udugi language (udugi means "hope" in Cherokee) is available to all. I invite you to learn and use it, and I will help in any way that I can.

Udugi is a constructed language, based on Cherokee (Tsalagi, ꮳꮃꭹ) vocabulary, and a very simple, Esperanto-like grammar. It is a powerful and expressive language, and in this poetry blog it has the beginnings of its own literature.

Here is a sample of Udugi, Matthew Chapter 3, Verses 1-7:


1  nasgi igadi hawina nvlise tsani didawosgi, alitsadodanete inagei tsudiyi hawina,

2  ale hineganete, agatahvsdu, igvnisisgi ayeli-unadotlvsv galvladi vhnai nvlase tlegi.

3 hiano gesvase nasgi na gesvise kanegvita aniyelvsgv adelohosgi isaya gvdodi, hineganete, kanegv-unoyvgv nasgi vhnai atloyasdanete inagei hawina, advnvisdodu nvnohine unelanvhi vhnai, gatsinosdigu utseli nvnohidine.

4  ale utloyitsani uhise utseli dinuwone gemili-usdiyegu vhnai, ale ganotsi adatlosdine utseli udatlosdv yvwaduwidv; ale utseli hawiya gesvise vledi ale geyatahi wadulisi.

5  nahiyui anagisdise doyegi nasgi didla tsilusalimi, ale nigadv tsudiyi, ale nigadv utanidigadohi tsodani yvwaduwidv,

6  ale gesvise didawosdita atsvyv gvdodi tsodani hawina, gohiyudodanete unatseli asganidine.

7  aseno hilayvi atsvyai gowatise na ugodidi ani-qualisi ale ani-sadusi nvlise utseli didawosgi didla, atsvyai hinegise nasgidv didla, "yo! nihi inadv uwetsidi! gagouyotsvhise nihine ulatisdi utalawosgvne na nvlose?"


The above sample is translated from the King James Version (KJV), and it should be easy to follow along. There is an Udugi dictionary in this blog, published yesterday, May 26 2020. At the end of the dictionary there is a short outline of Udugi grammar.

You will also find poetry and other writings in Udugi in this blog. I have been using the language for about two years, and it is fully functional. There is also a Facebook group, Udugi Nigadv Nasgihai (Udugi for All), which you can join. All are welcome.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

UDUGI DICTIONARY - Updated May 26 2020

UDUGI DICTIONARY - Updated: May 26 2020. There is an outline of Udugi grammar at the end of the dictionary.

Ability=nasinasv
About (concerning, regarding)=nasgi-aniyelvsgv(Ud.=aniyelvsgv)
Above=galvladitlv
Absorb=akayododi
Abundance(Ud.)=gvwalosvsdo
Abundant=gvwalosvsdi
Accept=didanelvisdi
Accompany=aligonedi
Accordance=ditolagi
According(to)=ditoladi
Accordingly=kali-ditoladi
Acorn=gule
Across=diganadihisdi
Action=alitelvdi
Add=gatlisodi
Afraid=asgaihv
After=ulosonv
Again=asiquo
Again (second time)=talinedv
Against=atluda
Age=iyudetiyvda
Age, era=didalenisgv
Ago=iyu-tsigesv
Air, tornado=unole
Airplane=ganohilido
Alive=gvnodv
All=nigadv
Alligator=tsulasgi
Allow=alisgolvdodi
Almost (nearly)=navnigesdi
Alone=uwasv
Alphabet=tigaloquasdodi
Already=gayula
Also=nasquv
Although=unelagi
Always=nigohilvi
Amen=emenv
Among=nunadvnv
Ancestor=tsunigayvlige-iyulistanv
Ancient=hilvhiyui
And=ale
And(enclitic)= -no
Angel=anidawehi
Angry=uhnalvha
Animal=ganatlai
Another=nudale
Answer (n., Ud.)=wohiliyvsgv
Ant=Dosvdali
Anvil=gotlvnvdi-atlodi 
Any (Ud)=niga
Anybody=nanivquo
Anymore=hiaiga
Anyone=nanivquo
Anything=nigavquo
Appear=gananugoisdi
Arise=dilodi
Arm=kanogeni
Around=yvwaduwidv
Arrival=ulutsvi
Arrive=ulutsv
Arrow=gatlida
Arrowhead, bullet, projectile=gatlida
Artist=ditlilostanvsgi
As=tsilvsdiquv (Ud=tsilv)
As(equally)=idigade
Ash(es)=gosdu
Ashamed=adehosga
Aside=utselidv
Ask=adadvdodi
Ask for=atayohiha
Asleep=gatlihoi, (Ud.)galvdita
Association=unaligosv
At=nahnai
Attack=digatilvsdi
Attempt=anelvdodi
Attention=agasesdodi
Aunt=etlogi
Aura(Ud.)=ayelv-ulvsada
Autumn, fall=Ulagohvsdi
Automobile=odamokuili
Await=agatisdi
Awaiting=agatisdanete (Ud.),  agatiyv
Away=utsatina
Ax=galuyasdi
Baby=usdii, usdiga
Bad= uyoi
Bag=ganvdvi, degalodi,
Balance=utiyvhi
Ball=alasgalodi
Banish=atsinugowasdi
Baptist=didawosgi
Bare=uyelvha
Barrel=svdoni
Base=alenvdisgv
Basket=talutsa
Bass (fish)=unoga
Bathe=adanawosdi
Batter (n.)=asugedi
Battle=danalihv
Beach=amayuladi
Beads=adelv-diyatlodi 
Bean=duya
Bear=yonv,
Beauty=uwodu
Beautiful=uwoduhi
Beaver=doya
Because= igvnisisgi
Become, conform=didolagi
Bed=ganisi
Bee, honey=wadulisi
Before(in front of)=igvyiditlv
Before(time)=udalulv
Beget=denelei (Ud. deneleise, etc.)
Begin=alenvdi
Beginning(Ud)=alenvdo
Begun (ud)=alenvdita
Behind=oniditlv
Behold=gvniyuquo
Being=alenidohv
Belief=uwohiyusv
Believe=uwohiyu (Ud.=uwohiyuhase, etc.)
Belongs=udotsali (Ud/ udotsalase, “to” understood)
Below= hawinaditlv, eladitlv
Belt=adatlosdi
Bemused(absorbed, Ud.)=akayododita
Bench=ganvhidv-gasgilo 
Beneficent=osdv-hvadvganete
Berry=udatanvhi
Beside=uliditlv
Best=ohisdi
Better=utli-iyosdv
Between=ayeli
Beyond=udiditlv
Bible=goweli-uhagedv, tsuhageda-goweli
Big=utana; too big=utani; large=éékwa, equa
Bigger=u ta ni di
Bind=galvsdv (Ud. galvsdi, etc.)
Bird=tsisqua
Birth(n.)=udenv
Birth(v., Ud.)=udeni
Birth (adj, Ud)=udenva
Birthday=udetiyisgvi, udetiyisgv (use last)
Bite=asgala
Black= agvnige, gvnagei,gvnage (use last)
Blackboard, desk, typewriter=digowelodi
Blackness (Ud.)=gvnagetso
Blacksnake=galegi
Blaze=dulvsadv
Blazing=dulvsadvhi (Ud.)
Bless=adadolisdi
Blessed(Ud)=adadoligita
Blessing=adadoligi (Ud. =adadoligo
Blind=digewi
Blinded(Ud.)=digewita
Blood=gigv
Bloom(v.)=utsilvsv
Blouse=ageyv-gadui-unuwogi 
Blue=sagonige
Bluebird=tsaquoladagi
Boat, ship=tsiyu
Bobcat=gvhe
Body=ayelv
Bone=gola
Bonfire=doyi-godvi
Book, paper, something made of writing paper=goweli
Border=atlilodv-gvgodv
Born=udenv, (Ud.)udenita
Both=itsula, igvla (use last form)
Bottle, tick, Bartlesville=gugu
Bottom=hawini
Bow=galitsadi
Bowl, basin=atlisdodi
Box=kanesai
Boy, lad=atsutsa
Boys=ani-tsu tsa 
Brain=unvsida
Branch (tree)=usdi-wanigalv 
Branch (stream)=usdi-geyvqua 
Bread=gadu
Break=ayogi
Breakfast=sunale-alisdayvdi
Breath=kawoladesgv
Breathe=kawoladedv (Ud. kawoladedase, etc.)
Breeze, easy-going wind or air flow=ganolvvsgv
Bridge=asvtsi
Bright=tsulvsada
Brightness(Ud.)=tsulvsadetso
Bring=ayohisdi
Brother=dinadanvtle
Brotherhood (Ud.)=dinadanvtletso
Brothers=anadanvtli
Brothers(Ud.)=udodi
Brown=wadigei
Bucket=ama-agugisdodi 
Buddhist(Ud.)=adadeyodisdo
Buffalo=yanasa
Build=adanelv-anesgvdi 
Build (Ud.)=anesgvdi
Builder=anesgesgi
Building (n.)=adanelv
Buildings= dadanelv
Built=unesgehv
Bull=tsukanvsdena
Bullfrog=kanunu
Burn(Ud.)=agohvsdi
Bus=yvwi-unatsododi
But=aseno
Butter=gosanvhi
Butterfly=kamama
By (near)=navi (na v i)
By (through)=digvwalosv
Cabbage=usgewi
Cage(jail)=didasdudi
Cake=tsuganasti
Call=uyanvdv, uyanvdase
Called(Ud.)=uyanvdita
Camera=didatlilosdodi
Campfire (Ud)=alewisdodi-atsilvdi
Can (able)=yeliquo (Ud/yeliquase)
Candle=ukanawi atsvsdodi 
Canoe=tsiyu
Cap=alisdulo 
Car=atsodudi
Carry=awidvdi(Ud. awidvdase, etc.)
Carrier=awidisgi
Cause=nigvnisisgv (nigvnisisgase)
Caution=adadayedodi
Cat=wesa
Caterpillar=sgoya-anesgilvsgi 
Cavern=usdagalv
Celebrate=unadetiyisgv (Ud. unadetiyisgi, unadetiyisgase)
Center=ayeli
Central=ayeli
Century=sgohitsuqui
Certain=udohiyu
Chair=gasgilo
Chance=utlanvdadehv
Change (n., Ud.)=tsunasdi
Change(v., Ud.)=iyvdi
Changed=ganetliyvda
Channel=ulohisdi
Chant(n.,Ud.)=heya
Chant(v.,Ud.)=heyaheyai
Chapter=ayadolvi
Cherokee=tsalagi
Cherry=taya
Chestnut=tili
Chicken=tsataga, tsitaga
Chief, governor, king=ugvwiyuhi
Chief, peace=udanvdi-ugvwiyuhi
Chief, war=udanolo-ugvwiyuhi
Child=ayotli
Children=diniyotli
Children(Ud)=ayotlidi
Chimney=ahutsawalagvi
Chipmunk=giyuga
Choose=asuyesdi
Christian=tsunanelvdi
Christian(adj., Ud.)=tsunaanelvda
Christmas=danisdayohihv
Circle=gasaqualv
City=gaduhvi
Civilization=adanvtisodi
Civilized=danvtisanv (or Ud. danvtisata)
Clan=tsuniyvwi
Class=itsulaha diniyilegi
Clean=udanvgalvda
Clear(adj)=tsulvsada
Clearness, clarity(Ud.)=tsulvsado
Clearly=yeli-tsulvsada
Clock=watsi
Cloth=anawo
Clothed (Ud)=dinuwita
Clothes=dinuwo
Cloud=ulogilv
Coat=gasalena
Coffee=gowe
Cold(adj)= uyvtlv, uyvtsa
Cold(be)=kanawoga
Cold(n., Ud.)=uyvtlo
Collect=adanitlvdi
Color=dikanodi
Colt=soquili-agina
Combination=unadatlisanv
Come=nvla, lvla, galutsv
Come here=nula
Comfort (n., Ud.)=tsosedvo
Comfort(v., Ud)=tsosedvi
Command(v)=adanetsedi
Communication=didvgotanv
Companion=analigohvsgi
Company(Ud.)=analigohvsgo
Complete(adj)=kaliwohi
Completely=akaliwohi
Compromise=osdv-igvnedi
Computer=agadohvsv asquagodisgi
Condition=nusdidanv
Connect=diligotodi
Connected=diligotanv (or Ud. diligotata)
Connection=diligotanvhi
Conscious=adelohosgi
Consciousness (Ud)=adelohosgo
Consider=agasesdodi
Contain=igai-gesv
Contained(Ud.)=igai-gesvita
Container=atlisdodi
Contemplate=adanvte, (Ud.=adanvtei)
Contempt=ayoasedi
Contempt (have, Ud.)=ayoasedii     
Continent=ekua gadohi
Continue=gvliyilisv
Control=agetadisdi
Cook (n.)=adasdayvhvsgi 
Cook (v.)=adasdayvhv
Copperhead=wodige-asgoli 
Corn, maize=selu
Corner=unvsiyv
Correct (a.)=gotlvhi
Count=disesdi
Courage=aligaliyvhi
Cove=ugedaliyvi
Cover=gutlvdi
Cow=waga (from the Spanish word “vaca” also meaning cow)
Crawfish=tsisdvna
Crazy=uneguhi. ulvnotisgi
Create=gotlvdi (same as make)
Creature=anelanvhi
Creek=niladvyi
Cricket=taladu
Crime=asganvtsv
Crop (n.)=tlogesi-awisv
Crow=gogv
Cry=atloyasdi
Cucumber=gagama
Culture=(Ud.) unadotledo or unadotlumo (use last)
Cup=ganuhilodi
Curious(Ud.)=asquanigohi
Curtain=ayadoladvdi
Cut= ayelasdi
Dance=alisgisdi
Danger=ganiyegi
Dangerous=ganiyegv
Dark=ulasigi
Darkened (Ud)=ulasigita
Darkness=ulasigetso
Daughter=uwetsi-ageyv
Dawn=ugitsisgv
Day=iga
Daylight=ugitsiha
Dead=uyohusv
Death=ayohuhisdi
December=vsgiyi
Decoration=danitsiladadisgv
Deep=hawini
Deep(adj, Ud.)=hawinihi
Deeply(Ud.)=hawinihe
Deer=awi
Defend=atsisdeli
Deliver=wadi (Ud. wadiose, etc.)
Denial(n.,Ud.)=adayasdo
Deny=adayasdi
Depart=ahnagisdiyi
Depend=alisgasdodi(Ud. alisgasdodase, etc.)
Deserve=ulutsehi
Deserved(participle, Ud.)=ulutsehita
Desire(n., Ud.)=udulado
Despair=udugi-nigesvna
Destination=wugadvi
Destroy, ruin=ayosdodi
Devil=asgina
Die, decrease=ayohuhisdi
Difference(Ud.)=nudalehnado
Different=nudalehnav
Difficult=utsosdi
Diligent=alinigvnehi
Dime=sgoiyadanvtedi 
Direction=widuyugodv
Dirt=gada
Dirty=gadaha
Disappear=adisgalodi
Disguised(Ud.)=atsanvsgita (tsilv)
Disgust=osi-nvyelvsgvna
Dish=teligo
Disturb=adadeyadodi
Divide=ayatasdi
Divine=wagalvladiyu
Do=hnadvga.
Doctor=didanvwisgi
Document=goweli-gvnigesv-igvnehi
Dog=gili, gitli
Dogwood=kanvsita
Door=asdudi, galohisdi
Doorway=galohisdiyi
Dough (corn)=asugeda-se-lu 
Dough (flour)=asugeda-ulolesda 
Dove=gule disgonihi 
Down=eladi
Dream(v.)=asgitisdi
Dream(n.)=asgitisga
Dress (n.)=asano
Dress(up)=atsanvsga
Dresses (n.)=disano
Drink (v.)=aditasdi
Drink(n.)=aditasdi
Duck=gawanv
During=nahiyugesv
Dwell=ganelv (Ud. ganelvi, ganelvise, etc.)
Each=siyvwi each other= siyvwi soi
Eager=uduladiiya-dvnedi
Eagerly=uduladiiya-dvnede
Eagle=wohali, uwohali
Ear=galeni, gale
Early=igvyi
Earth=elohi
East=kalvgvi
Easy=ahida
Eat=higa
Eden=idani
Edge=asdvi
Eel=dvdegi
Egg=uwetsi
Eggs=guwetsi(Ud. uwetsidi)
Egypt=itsidv
Eight=tsunela
Either=iyusdiquo
Element=sudalegi
Else=alenasgi
Email=imelv
Embodiment(Ud.)=ayelvisdo
Embrace(verb)=didaniyvdi
Embrace(noun, Ud)=didaniyvdo
Empty=usiwa
Encircle(Ud.)=gasaqualvsdi
Encompass(Ud.)=gasaqualvsdi
End (n)=ulisdv
End(v., Ud.)=ulisdi, ulisdase, etc.
Enemy=tsosdidanuwi
Energy=nulinigvgv
Enjoy=alihelisdi
Enjoy!(Ud)=alihelisdu!
Enough=yeliquu
Enter=ayvsdi
Entering(n., Ud.)=ayvsdo
Ephemeral(Ud.)=tlegi-adisgalodi
Equal=idigadi
Equally(Ud.)=idigade
Equinox(Ud)=idigadi-svnoyi
Era=didalenisgv
Erase=ayosdodi
Escape(v., Ud.)=alitii (alitiase)
Essence=ulisgedo,
Essential=ulisgedv
Eternity=igohida
Europe=yulaqui
Event=nigalistahidohv
Ever=iyuquu
Every=nigadv
Everybody=nigadv
Everyone=nigadv
Everything=igvwadalegi
Everywhere=nigvnadv
Evil=usonvi
Exact(adj.)=didolagi
exactly=kalididolagi
Example=yidatlilostanv
Exceedingly=galosvstanvhi
Except=nasgi-uwasv
Exist=gvnigesv-nusdi
Existence=gvnigesv-nusdvi
Expect(Ud.)=udugi-gvdase, udugi-gvdi
Experience=ugadohvsv
Experience (v., Ud.)=ugadohvsvase
Explain=digosisodi
Explode=atasgia(Ud. Atasgi, etc.)
Express=igawesdi
Expression=igawedv
Extreme(adj)=galosvstanv
Extreme(n., Ud.)=galosvstano
Extremely=wulosvstanv, (Ud.)galosvstane
Eye=agadoli
Eyes (Ud.)=gadolidi
Eyes=digadoli
Face=ukadvi
Face (n. and v., Ud)=ukadvdi
Fail=unulvnv (Ud. unulvnase, etc.)
Failure=unulvhvsgi
Faithful=uwohiyu
Faithfully=uwohiyuhi
Fall(season)=ulagohvsdi
Fall(vb)=ulosvgi, (Ud.)ulosvgase
False=galonuhedv
Familiar=adadolagi
Family=sidanelvhi
Famous=diganotsali
Fan=atanoyo
Far=inv
Farmer=digalogisgi
Farther=invge (Ud.)
Fast, quick, speed=gatsanula
Fat(noun)=ulitsohidv
Fat(adj)= galitsohida
Father= edoda
Fear=unayehisdi
Feather=ugidali
Feel=asvnasdi
Feeling(n.)=asvnasdiyi
Female animal=agisi
Fence=asoyv
Few=gayoli
Field=tlogesi
Fifty=hisgisgohi
Fight=alasdi, adisvsdi
Fight (v.)=atliha (Ud. atlihi, atlihase)
Find=awadvdi
Finish=asquadisdi
Fire=atsilv
Fireplace=godvdi, godadi (use last) 
First=igvyi
Fish(n.)=atsadi
Fish(v.)=asuhvsgv(Ud. asuhvsgise, etc.)
Fishing=a na su hv s gv
Fit (Ud. vb.)=yeli-igidi, yeli-igidase
Five=husgi
Flag=gadati
Flavor=asuyvdi
Flee=ulatisdi
Flight=ulawidvda
Flour=utsalesda
Flourish (Ud.)=utsilvsv ale advsv
Flower, rose, orchid=atsilvsgi
Flow=adeyvasgv (Ud. adeyvasgase, etc.
Flowing=e gvi
Fly (n.)=dvga , lvga, atlawidv
Fly (v.)=ganohili
Follow=asdawadvsdi
Food= alisdayvdi
Fool=nudanvdvna
Fool(v., Ud)=nudanvdvni
Foot=ulasidena
For=nasgihai
For(because)= -no
Forehead=igvyiditlv-asgoli
Forest=inagei
Forever=igohida, nigohilvi
Forget= gvgewisdi
Form=udotlvsv
Fortunate=osi-iyulisdanehi
Fountain=ama-unanugoisdi
Four=nvgi
Fox=tsula
Frankincense=uganasdv-gawasvgi-adla ("sweet-smell-rubber")
Free=asequui
Free (people, Ud, adj)=adudalesda
Free (people, vb., Ud)=adudalesdigi
Freedom=dohi-adedi, adudalesdi, (Ud)=adudalesdetso
Fresh=itsei
Friday=tsunagilosdi
Friend=unalii, unali
Friends=tsunalii, (Ud.) unalidi
Frog=walosi
From=nidvlenvda
Frost=uyadvha
Fruit(n.,U.)=udatanv
Fulfill=akalisodi
Full=kali
Fully=anikali
Funny=uwotlvdiha
Future=uwagudidisv
Galaxy(Ud.)=noquisalo
Gamble=diquaniyusdi
Game=dinelodii
Gap (mtn)=uyvladvdvi
Garden=awisvdiyi, awisvnv
Gardener(Ud.)=awisvnisdo
Gate=asduisdi
Generation=unanelotanv
Generous=nugeyuhnavna
Genes (Ud)=gigv-asdawadvsdohi
Gentle=udanvti
Get=agisdiyi
Get up= hatidv
Girl=ageyutsa
Girls=anigeyutsa
Gift=adanedi (Ud. adanedo)
Give, gift, supply=adanedi; give it= -hneh-
Given=adanelv
Giver=adanehi
Gives=adaneha
Giving=anadanehv
Glad=alihelisdi
Glass=unesdala
Gloves=diliyesulo
Glue(n.)=dakanvwodi
Glued(Ud.)=dakanvwodita
Go= -e-, anagisdi,
Going(n., Ud.)=anagisdo
Go(command)=hena
Goat=tsusquanegidv 
God (in the sense of heavenly Father): edoda [see "Father" above]
Gold(yellow)=dalonigei
Gold(metal)=adelv-dalonige ("yellow shake"
Good=osda, osdv
Goose=sasa
Government=ayeli udotlve, ayeli-udotlvsv
Grace=adadolisdi
Grade= ayodanv
Granddaughter=ulisiageyutsa
Grandfather=edudu
Grandmother=elisi
Grandson=ulisiatsutsa
Grapes=qualusi
Grass=kanesga (also=hay, straw, rye); ganulvhi
Grasshopper=dolatsuga
Gravy=u gama, asusdi
Greed(Ud.)=ugasalesgetso
Greedy=ugasalesgi
Green=itseiyusdi
Greet=adalihelisdi
Ground=gadohi
Groundhog=ogana
Group=unadatlisahv   
Grow=advsv
Guard=agatiya
Guard(v., Ud.)=agatiyadi
Guide=adasehedi
Guidance=adasehedo
Guinea fowl=guquediganasai
Gun=galoque
Habit=iyadvnelidasdi
Half=ayetli (use this form)
Hall=galanvdv
Hammer=gvnilidasda
Hand=uwoyeni, uwoyi
Happen=nulistanv
Happiness=alihelitsidasdi
Happy=alihelisdi
Hard=asdaya
Harm=esga-igvnehi
Harvest=asquanigododi
Hat=alisquetawogi, alisquedawo (Ud. form)
Have=uha
Hawk=tawodi
Hay=kanesga
He=atsvyai
Head=asgoli
Heal=kanvwodi
Health=ayelv nudvhnadegv
Hear=advgi
Heart= adanvdo
Heat=u di le ga
Heaven=galvladi tsosv
Heavenly(Ud)=galvladihi
Hello=siyó, osiyó
Help, support, accommodate=alisdelvdi
Help(n., Ud.)=alisdelvdo
Helper(Ud.)=alisdelvdisdo
Helping(adj, Ud)=alisdelvdihi
Her=nasgi-ageyv
Her (possess)=utseli
Here=ahani
Hermit(Ud.)=uwasvlo
Herself=uwasv-ageyv
Herself(Ud.)=ageyvsa
Hide=adisgalodi
Hidden(Ud.)=adisgalodita
High=galvladi
Hill=gadusi
Him Ud.)=atsvyv
Himself(Ud.)=atsvyvsa
Hindu=hinedu
Hint(v.)=kaneisdodi
His=utseli
History=kanohesgi
Hold=duniyv
Hole=atalesv
Holy=galvquodiyu
Home= owenvsv
Home(my)=aquenvsvi
Home-place (Ud.)=aquenvsviyi
Hop=adanawidisgv
Horse=soquili
Hot=udilega
Hour, mile, bushel= sutlilodv
House: alisdayvdi, agisti, adanelv, galitsode (prefer last two)
How=hilago
Human(n.)=yvwi
Human(adj.)=yvwihi
Humanity=yvwi-anehv
Hummingbird=walelu
Hundred=sgohitsuqui
Hunger=agona
Hungry=agona
Hunt=ganohilidasdi
Hunting=ganohilidasdo
Hurry=utlisda
Hurt, injury, victim=atsisonvnv
Husband=uyehi, oyehi
Hypocrisy (Ud.)=utlonasdo
Hypocrite=utlonasdi
I=ayv
Ice=unesdala
Icicle=unesdala-unesadvi 
Idea=adanvtedi
Identify=adadohidodi
If=iyuno
Ignore=adagesesdodi-nigesvna (Ud. nigesvni)
Ignored (Ud, pp)=nigesvnita
Illegal=duyugodv-iyadvnelvnigesvna
Ill-mannered(Ud)=uyoi-nidusdvihi
Illness=adanilohisdi
Illusion (mirage)=agowadvdi
Image=nasgiyai, ditlilostanv
Imagine=iyelisdi
Imagination(Ud.)=iyelisdo
Important=ulisgedv
Impossible=yeli-nigesvna
Inch=eyasitadvhi
In= hawinaditlv, hawina
Including=atloyasdisgi
Indeed=udohiyui
Indian (Native America)=ayvwiya, yvwiyahi
Indians=ani-yvwiyahi
Indicate=adasehedi
Indispensable (must-have)=ase-uha
Individual=anisiyvwiha
Infinite=igohida-gesv
Infinity(Ud.)=igohida-gesvetso
Inner(Ud)=hawinaditlvge
Insect=tsvsgoyi; bug=tsisgoya
Inside=hawini
Internet=Kananeska-Usiladv
Interpret=aneladodi
Into=nahnai (na hna i)
Intrusion(Ud.)=gvwadanugv
Intrusive=gvwadanugvsedi
Invade=adayvsedi
Invasion(Ud.)=adayvsedo
Iron=tslugisgi
Is=gesvi (gesvase)
Island=amayeli
It=nasgi
Its(Ud)=nasgihi
Itch=unitsila
ize(suff)=-isdi
Jab(n., Ud.)=jaque
Jab(v., Ud.)=jaqui
Jail=didasdudi
Jewish=(Ud.) anitsusa
Jews=anitsusi
Job=tsulvwisdanedi
Journey=visvi
Joy=ulihelisdi
Joyful=ulihelisdi-kali
Judeo-Christian(Ud., adj.)=anitsusa-tsunanelvda
Judge(n.)=digugodisgi
Judge(v., Ud.)=digugodisdi
Jug=gadagugu
Jump=hadanawidv
Justice=duyugudv
Keep=asquanigododi (Ud. asquanigodase)
Kettle=tsulasgi         
Key=asduisdi, sduisdi
Kill, murder=adahisdi, tsiluga
Kind(amable)=udanvtihi
Kind(type)=usdi
King=ugvwiyuhi
Kingdom=ayeli-unadotlvsv
Knife=galoque , yelasdi
Know it, know how= -gata-
Know it, know something= -anvt-, unvta (Ud. unvti, unvtase)
Knowledge=vgatahvi
Knowing(Ud.)=unvtado
Knows (Ud.)=agatahase (esp. to know how)
Lack=galulogi
Lake=vdali
Lamentation=daniyvgvi
Lamp=atsvsdigoi
Land(n.)=gada
Language=gawonihisgi
Lap=diganvsgeni
Last(one)=oni
Last(remain, Ud.)=nigayedohi, nigayedohase
Late=oniyiyu
Later=oniyagesdodi
Law=dikahnawadvsdi
Lead (v. root)=datini
Leaf=ugalogv
Leg=gagaloi
Leap=adanawidvdi
Learn=gadolequa(Ud. gadolequi)
Learned (past, Ud.)=gadolequise
Leave=adanvsdi
Left(hand)=agasgani
Leg=ganvsgeni
Legacy=adadanelanediyatso
Less=gayolige
Lessen(Ud.)=gayoligi, gayoligase
Lesson= adeloquasdi
Level=uwanadesgi (n., Ud.=uwanadesgo)
Liberate=didayohisdi
Liar=gayegogi
Lie(recline)=ganagvi
Lie(untruth)=gayegogi
Life=vlenidohv
Lift=asaladodi
Light(natural)=ulvsada
Light(artificial)=atsvsdi
Light (v., e.g. a lamp)=(Ud.) atsvsdigisdi, atsvsdigisdase
Light (v., fire, match)=atsislvsga, (Ud) atsislvsgi)
Lightning= anagalisgv
Like (sim)=ginitloyi
Like (to like)=ulvquodi
Limit=aselvhi
Lion=tlvdatsi
Listen=hadvdasda
Listening (n., Ud)=hadvdasdo
Live, to=Ud/alenidohi
Lives=eha
Lizard=tiyohali
Load=kali
Locked (Ud)=dagasita
Locust=vle
Log=tsulvdagewi
Long=ganvhidv, ganvhida
Look=hagata
Loose=diyosvhi
Lord=unelanvhi
Lose=ayohusedi
Loss=uyohvselv
Loud=asdaya
Love (n., Ud)=geyu
Love (verb)= -geyu-
Love (v., Ud.)=geyudi, geyudase
Loved=tsigeyusv (Ud/geyuise)
Lover=udageyuhi
Low=eladi
Lower(adj)=eladige
Loyal=uwohiyuhi
Lucid(Ud.)=tsulvsada
Lucidity(Ud.)=tsulvsadetso
Lucky, fortunate=osi-iyulisdanehi
Lunch=alisdayvdi
Machine=gotlvnidasdi, gotlvnvdodi
Magic(Ud.)=adaweho
Magician=adawehi great magician=adawehiyu
Magnify=atanohisdodi
Make, establish=gotlvdi
Man=asgaya
Many=ugodidi, tsiquisdi
Map=elohi-datlilostanv
Mark=udowelv
Match=atsusdi
Mate=unaligohi
Math=disesdi ugvwalidi
Matter(is important)=(Ud.) ulisgedase
may(subjunctive,Ud.)=yeliquo
Maybe=aseyigi, yigi
Me=aya, ayv
Meaning=gadvgvi
Meaningless(Ud.)=gadvgv-nutloyasdvna
Measure(v.)=atlilosdi
Meat=hawiya
Medicine=nvwoti
Medicine Man=didanowisgi
Meet=ditlohisdi
Member=gela
Memory=anvdadisdi
Men=anisgaya
Mental=adanvtediyi
Merchant=udanani
Mercy=adadolisdi
Merry=uwotlvdi
Message=vdatinohisedi
Metal=talugisgi
Middle=ayeli
Mile=sutlilodv
Milk=unvdi
Million=iyuquadinvda
Mind(noun)=odanvdv
Miracle=usquanigodi
Mirage=agowadvdi
Mirror=adagedi
Mislead=utsotina-adatinvsdi
Miss(something, someone, incl. target)=ganvdia(Ud. ganvdiase, etc.)
Mistake=galidastanv
Moccasin (shoe)=utsuwodi
Modern=gohiquu-igvtsigi
Moment=iyuquu
Monday=(una)dodaquonvhi
Money= ateéla, adela
More=utli-igai, ugodesdi
Month=iyanvda
Moon=nvda (also means sun); svnoyi ehi nvda,  nvda svnoehi, (Ud) nvdedo
More=unigodi, ugodesdi
More (of something)=siquu
Morning=sunalei
Mosquito=dosa
Most=ugodidi
Mostly=nasgi-ugodidi
Mother=etsi, utsi, unitsi
Mountain=odalv'i, unvdatlvi. odalv
Mountains=dunvdatlvi
Mourning=uyo-aniyelisv, unelugvi (use last)
Mouse=tsisdetsi, talasgewi
Mouth=aholi
Move (Ud)=adanvsi
Movement=adanvsidoa(Ud. adanvsido)
Much, a lot=ugodi, utsati
Murder(v.)=adahisdi
Murder (n., Ud.)=adahisdo
Mushroom=uloque
Mushrooms=uniloque
Must=ase
My=aqua
Myself= aquvsa
Mystery=usquanigodi
Nail=yvgi
Naked=uyelvha
Nakedness(Ud)=uyelvhetso
Name=dudov
Narrow=ayadoli
Nation=ayeli-udotlvsv
Native=neyehiya
Nature=Ud/gvwao
Near=navnige
Need=uduladi (uduladase)
Needed (part)=uduladita
Needle=gayewisdodi yvgi
Negro=gvnagei, agvnage
Neither=vtla iyusdi, vtla
Nephew=vgiwina
Net=gayaludi
Never=vtla
New=itse, atsehi
News=diganotsalidi
Next=soi
Night=svnoyi
Nine=sonela
No=tlahv’, vtla’, tla, tlano
No(adj, Ud.)=tlahi
Nobody=tlagiloi
Noise=unoyvgv
None=kanigidv
Nor=ale
North=tsuyvtlvi, uyvtlvi, uyvtlv
Northern=uyvtlv-iditlv
Nose=geyvsoli
Not=gesni, tla, dla, nasginigesvna
Notebook=gowelodi-goweli
Nothing=vtlagohusdi
Nourish=adadelasdi
Nourishment=adadelasdo
Novel=digoliyedi goweli
November=nvdadequa
Now=noquo, naquu (use noquu)
Nude=uyelvha
Nudity(Ud)=uyelvhetso
Number=sesdi
Nursery=digatisdi-diniyotli
Observe=agasesdodi
Observer(Ud.)=agasesdodisdo
Obstacle=ayoasdisgi
Obstruct=igvyaditlv (Ud igvyaditli, igvyaditlase)
Obstruction(Ud)=igyyaditlo
Ocean=amequohi
Of=vhnai
Offer=asgolvdodi
Often=iyudaliha
Oil=goi
Oklahoma=ogalihomi
Old= agayvli
Old Age (Ud)=agayvletso
On=nahna (na hna)
On the ground=gadohi
One=saquu
Onion=svgi
Only=uwasa
Open(adj)=ulisduida
Open (vb)=asduidv (Ud. asduidi)
Opening (n.)=udlanvda
Or= ale
Ordinary=tsutsataquu
Origin(source)=didalehvsgv
Originally=alenvtanv
Ornament=atsanvdo
Other=soi
Our=aquatseli
Ourselves=ogvsa
Out (Ud.)=doyegi
Outside=doyehi
Over=galvladitlv
Overalls=utsesadi asulo
Overcoat=udvna gasalena
Owl=ugugu
Own (adj, Ud)=otseli
Own (v)=utseli(gase, Ud)
Page=ukadvi
Paid=aguyodv
Paint (n)=asiwisti
Pair=tsutsodali
Panther=tlvdatsi
Paper, book, something made of writing paper=goweli
Parrot=tsisqua-gawonisgi
Part=igadv
Particular=nasgina
Particularly=nasginagesv
Particulars=nasgindegesv
Partridge=guque
Passageway=ganenutlvi
Partly=igadaquu
Partnership (Ud)=unaligohetso
Pass=agadvlehisdi
Passion=adageliyotsedi
Past=tsuwagutanvsv
Path=usdi nvnohi ulohisdi
Pay=aguyvdi
Peace=dohiyi, dohiyv
Peach=quanv
Peacock=gvna tsuqua totli
Peak=wigosdayv
Pear=sedi iyusdi svgata
Pen=digowelodi
Pencil=digowelodi
People=yvwi
Persimmon=sali
Person=siyvwi
Pheasant=dvdisdi
Philosophy=uwolatsvhi
Photograph=ditlilostanv
Physical=nulinigvgv
Picture=ditlilostanv
Piece=agvhalvda
Piece, small(Ud.)=agvhalvdeta
Pierce=atalesdi
Pig=siqua
Pillar=gedv
Pillow=agusdo
Pine=notsi
Pink=usgolv gigagei
Pitcher=uwesedi
Place (n.)=hanani
Place (n., suff.)=-yi
Plan (v.)=atlilosdodi
Plan (n., Ud.)=atlilosdodi
Plane (airplane)=ganohilido
Planet (world, earth)=elohi
Plant(n.)=gagoti, gagodi
Plant(v.)=awisga (Ud, awisgase, etc.)
Plate=telido
Play (v)=dinelodi
Playing=danelohvsga (he is playing)
Please=howatsu
Plow=gadalugodi
Plum=quanunasdi
Poem=kanohelvsgi
Poems(Ud.)=kanohelvsgidi
Poet=gowelisgi-kanohelvsgi
Poetry(Ud.)=kanohelvsgi
Political(Ud)=dogiyadva
Pony=usdia soquili
Poplar=tsiyu
Portrait=didatlilostanv
Possible=yeliquu
Potato=nunv
Power=ulanigvgv
Powerful=ulanigidv
Practice=alisinahisdodi
Pray=adadolisdodi
Preach=alitsadodi
Precious=galvquodi
Prefer=utligvyelvdi
Prejudice=adadvyutsedi
Prepare=advnvisdodi
Presence=edohvgi
Present (here)=edoa
Present (give)=udanedi (Ud. udanedise, etc.)
Present (a gift)=adanedi (Ud. adanedo)
Present (now)=naquu, noquu, (Ud. noquuhida)
Presently=nahiyuquu
Pretend(v.,)=atselvdi
Pretending (n., Ud.)=atselvdo
Pretensions(n., Ud.,)=atselvdodi
Pretty=uwoduhi
Prison=didasdudi
Private=utselida
Privately(Ud.)=utselide
Problem (Ud)=agasesdo
Produce=advhisdodi
Product=udvsvhi
Promise=aduyasdodi
Promises (n., Ud.)=aduyasdodidi
Proof=gohiyudodi
Property=tsugvwalodinigvnanv
Prophet=adelohosgi
Prosper=tsudvdi
Protect=adasdelvdi
Protection=alisdelvdodi
Proud=utlvquodi
Prouder=utlvquodige
Proudest=utlvquodigesdodi
Prove=gohiyudodi
Psalm=(unelanvhi) dikanogidv
Public=yvwiunedasdi
Pull=ganasanesdi
Pull out=asesiha
Pumpkin=iya
Punish=adasdvdisdodi
Pure=udanvgalvda
Put=wadiyi
Pygmy(Ud.) = quigimi
Quail=guque
Qualla=qualvyi
Quarter=ginudodi (Ud, also season)
Question=advdvhvsgi
Question marker=-hv (suffixed to noun or verb)
Quiet=eluwei
Quilt=yegali
Quit=tsiyohisda
Rabbit=tsisdu
Raccoon=kvtli, gvli
Rain=agasgv
Rainy(Ud.)=agasgvhi
Rainbow=unvgoladv
Raise=advhisdodi
Range=asdanvnv
Rape (v.)=adasotlvdi
Rape (n., Ud.)=adasotlvdo
Rat=tsisdetsi
Rattle=ganatsedi
Rattlesnake=utsonati
Raven=golanv
Reach (v., Ud.)=adoyanvhidi
Read (pres)=higoliya, goliye (Ud inf=goliyi)
Read (past)= vgoliyesgv (Ud. goliyise))
Reader=digoliyesgi
Reading=goliyesgv
Ready=advnvistanonv
Real=udohiyunasgi (udohiyu)
Reality=udohiyunusdv
Realize=adolehohisdi
Really=udohiyuhi
Reason=adanvtedi
Recall=nvatsiyanodi
Receive=agisdi
Recognize=adadolisdi
Record (v., Ud.)=goweli, gowelase
Red=gigage
Redbird=dotsuwa
Regarding=nasgi-aniyelvsgv
Region=utanidigadohi
Reject=adayasdi
Relating=ganotlvgi
Relations (relatives) (Ud.)=anadadi
Relationship(Ud.)=ganotlvgetso
Religion=dinelvdodi
Remain=nigayedohv
Remainder=walinohiyasgv
Remember=anvdadisdi
Removed=ahvda
Renew=atsehisododi
Renewal=atsehisodiyi
Repeat=nvgvgododi
Represent=iyadadvnedi
Require=kanesdi-iyadvnedi
Respect(n.&v.)=gohiyuhi
Rest (remainder)=walinohiyasgv
Return=hulutsa, vgalutsv (Ud. vgalutsase, etc.)
Reveal=agadudesdi
revelation (Ud.)=agadudesdo
Revival=analenisgvi
Rice=diligwu (diligu), gonohenv
Rich=uwenai
Right (derecho)=duyugodv
Right(hand, derecha)=agatisi
Right, OK=ho:wá
Ring (n)=aliyesustawo
Rise=ulisaladodi
River= uweyv'i, equoni, uweyv
Road=kanvvno, nvnohi
Robin=tsisquoquo
Rock=nvya, nvya
Role=advnelisgi-usqualvehv
Room, gallery=kanvsulv, kanvsulv
Root=unasdetlv
Rooted=unasdetlvte
Rubber=adla
Rude=gvsgasdagi
Run=tisqualvda
Rope=sdeyidv
Ruin(v.)=ayosdodi
Sacred=galvquodi
Safety=nunayehisdvna
Salt=áma
Salute=adayolisdi
Salvation=vdasdelvdi
Same, very similar, similar=utloyi
Sand=noya
Sanity=osi-udanvtedi
Saturday=(una)dodaquidena
Save (=rescue)=adasdelvdi
Saw (n)= ganadogi
Say=hinegi
Scant=galulogi
Science=agadohvsdi(same word as wisdom)
Scientist(Ud.)=agadohvsdihi
School=tsunadeloquasdi (use this form)
Score= uskuadisdi
Sea=amequohi
Search=ayasdi
Season=iyu udetiyvsadisv
Second=taline
Secrecy=udelidv
Secret (adj)=udelida
Secret(n)=udelido
See=tsigowatiha
See (Ud.)=gowati, gowatase
See it- -gowati-, agowadv;
Seed=ugata
Seek=ayasdi
Send=adanvsdi
Sending=adanvsgv
Seneca=ani-senika
Separate(n.)=tsudalenah I
Separate (v., Ud.)=tsudalenigi
Separateness(Ud.)=tsudalenetso
Separation(Ud.)=tsudalenitso (passive), tsudalenigo (active)
Serpent=inadv
Servant=atsinatlai (Ud.=atsina)
Service=nadvnelv
Set=awisvdi
Seven=galiquogi
Seventh=galiquogine
Seventy=galiquasgohi
Sew=gayewisdi
Shade=udawadisgv
Shadow=udayvladv
Shake=adelvdiyi
Shakespeare=adelvdigatisdi
Shaman=adonisgi
Shape(n.)=udotlvsvi
Shape(v., Ud.)=udotlvsvdi
Share=adayotaedi
She=nasgi-ageyv
 Sheep=unodena
Sheet=utanohi, digvhida (use last)
Shell=uyasga
Ship, boat=tsiyu
Shirt=asgayv unuwohi
Shoe=alasulo
Shoot=disdayosdi
Short=squalahi
Should (Ud)=aseuse
Shovel=godesdi
Show (v)=unadvnelvdi
Sick=utlvgi, utlvga
Side=asquageni
Sight=agowadvdi
Signature=dudov-gowelv
Sign(s)=gowelodi
Silence=eluwei
Silent=donudvhna
Silver=adelv unega
Similar=utloyi
Simple=nutsosdvna
Simply=nutsosdvnaquo
Sing=kanogisdi
Single=siyvwi(relationship status)
Sink=eladi igalisdodi
Sister=udo, ulv  -s anadalv (Ud. ulv, ulvdi)
Sisterhood(Ud.)=ulvwetso
Sit=uwola
Situation, condition=nusdidanv, nusdidanv
Six=sudali
Sixty=sudalisgohi
Size=igidv
Skin(n.)=ganega
Skin(v.)=ganegaliha
Skirt=asano
Skunk=tili
Sky=galvloi
Sleep(n., Ud.)=galvdo
Sleep(v.)=galvdi, gatliha (use first form)
Sleepy=gatlvsga
Slightly=galvdolagesdi
Slip=didanvdisdodi
Slow=usganoli
Slowly(Ud.)=usganole
Small=usdí
Smart, intelligent=asamati
Smell(n.)=gawasvgv
Smell(v., Ud.)=gawasvdi
Smoke=tsugasvsdi
Snail=elaqua
Snake=inadv
Snow=unatsi, unutsi
Snowbird=dudi
So(thus)=hia-iyv
Society=unadotlvhi
Sock (n)=aliho
Soil(earth, dirt)=gadohi
Soldier=ayawisgi
Solstice(Ud.)=nvda-gadogv
Some=igadv
Something=gohusdi
Sometime=iyuquu-nigalisdi
Sometimes=yudahai
Song=kanogisdi
Soon=nulisdv, tlegiquv, tlegi
Sort=disuyesdi
Soul=adanvdo
Sound(n.)=unoyvgv
Sounds (v., Ud.)=unoyvgase
Source=didalehvsgv
South=tsuganawvi, uganawu (use last)
Southern=uganawuiditlv
Space=udlanvdv
Speak=kanegv(i)
Speak it= -woni-
Spear=digatisdi
Special=utselidv
Speckled=unvtsadv
Spend=uwasgv
Spend(Ud.)=uwasgi (uwasgase)
Spider=kahnanesgi
Spirit=adanvdo
Spirituality(Ud.)=adanvdetso
Spite=adalisgananedi
Splendor=didolati-dikanedi
Spread=ayesdvdi (Ud. ayesdvdose, etc.)
Spring(season)=gogeyi
Spring (water)=ganugogv amv
Squirrel=saloli
Stand=gadogv
Star=noquisi , notlvsi
Stationary=igvyi-gayehi
Stay=edoda
Steady(adj, Ud)=alisanahi
Steady(v.)=alisanahisdi
Steadily=igatihai
Still=doi
Stomach=usquoli
Stone (rock)=nvya
Stool=alisdvtsusdi gasgilo
Stop, halt, camp=alewisdodi
Storm=unole
Story=kanohelvsgi
Stove=adasdadi gakahvi
Straight=gatsinosdv
Straighten(Ud)=gatsinosdigi
Strange=asegi
Strawberry=anv
Strength=nulinigvgv
Strike=gvnasdi
Strong (Ud)=nulinigvgvhi make strong= nulinigvgigi
Student= dedelokuasgi
Study=agasesdodi
Stupid=nigolagvna
Style=atsanvdi
Sublime=adasaladodi
Succeed=usquadvhi
Sufficient=yeliquu
Sufficiently=yeliquu-igai
Sugar=galisetsi
Summer=gogi
Summit(peak)=wigosdayv
Sun (or moon) =nvda
Sun (specifically)=nvdoigaehi
Sunday=(una)dodaquasgv(i)
Sunrise=kalvgv
Sunset=wudeligv
Sunshine=agaliha, agalisgv, (Ud) nvda-agaliho
Support(v.)=alisdelvdi
Support(n., Ud)=alisdelvdo
Suppose=iyelisdi
Supposedly (Ud)=nuwelisve
Sure=udohiyui
Surely=asei
Surprise (v.)=asquanigohisdi
Surrender=tsudayohisdi
Surrounding=dagaduwisdisgv
Survey=atlilosdi-gadohi
Survival (Ud., “continue-living”)=gvliyilisv-alenidohv
Survive(Ud.)=gvliyilisi (gvliyilisase, etc.) alenidoi (after smthg)
Sweet=uganasdv
Swim=adawosdi
Symbol (s, pl)= Ud/digvtlisosdodi
System=iyadvnelidasdi
Table=alisdayvdi gasgilo (meal table), gasgilo (table)
Tahlequah=taliqua
Tail=gadoga
Take=agisdi
Talk=hiwonihi, (Ud.) gawonisgi
Tall=galvladi igadi, inv-igati (use last)
Taught=dudeyonvgi
Tea=ugalogv
Teach=dideyodi
Teacher=dideyohvsgi
Teaching (n., Ud.)=dideyodo
Tears (rips)=hitsagalv
Tears (cry)=tsugasawodv
Teeth=digayvga
Tell=kanohedi
Telepathy(Ud.)=telequatiya*
Telling=kanohesgv
Temperature=nunesayvtlv
Ten=sgohi
Tepee (cloth)=anawo adanelv
Tepee (skin)=ganega adanelv
Than=sinv
Thanks (n.)=analiheligv
That=na (Ud incl rel)
The (if nec) use “hia”
Theft (Ud.)=ganosgisdo
Their=unatseli
Them (Ud.)= nasgidvne, nasgidv
Themselves(Ud.)=nasgidvsa
Then= nahiyui
There=uhna, na-hnai
Therefore=nasgi-igvnisisgi
These=nasgi-hia
They=nasgidv
Thick=uhagedv
Thief=ganosgisgi
Thing=iyusdi
Thing (Ud. Suff.)=-atso
Think=adanvtesgv
Thirst=otadegisgi
This=hiila, hina
Thistle=tsitsi
Those=nasgi
Though(Ud.)=unelagi
Thought(n.)=nelisv
Thousand=agayvli
Three=tso-i
Throat=ayvtseni
Through=digvwalosv
Throw=wadinvdi
Thunder=ayvdaqualosgv
Thursday=nvgine-iga (4th day)
Thus=hia-iyv
Tide=datsanegv
Time=iyuwakodi
Time (vez)=aliyilisv
Time (gen)=igohida
Tight=asdaya
Tired: be tired= -yawe-
To(toward)=didla
Tobacco=tsola, tsolv
Today=gohi-iga
Together=itsula (Ud. itsule)
Tomahawk=galuyasdi
Tomato=unaguhisdi
Tomorrow=sunalei
Tonight=gohi usvhi
Too (much)=uyvsdi
Too (also)=nasquv, nasquu (also “squu” in OK)
Tool=gohusdi-gvtanidasdi
Tooth=kayuga
Top=gadui
Torso(Ud.)=ayeli-ayelv
Touch=asvni
Toward=didla, widuyugodv
Town=gaduhv
Trace(verb)=asdawadvsdi
Trace(noun, Ud)=asdawadvsdo
Track=ganvnvi (Ud. = n.)
Tradition=kanohelvhi
Trail=usdi nvnohi
Trail of Tears=getsikahvda anegvi
Translate=anetlvdiha, anetlvdodi, aneladodi (use last)
Translated (pp, Ud.)=anetlvdita, aneladodita
Translation=anetlvtanvi
Trash=uyotsvhi
Travel=edolidohv
Traveler (Ud.)=edolidohisgi
Treasure=tsugvwalodi ("value")
Tree=tsaligu, tlugvi, tlugv (use last)
Tribe=analasdalv
Trousers=asulo
True=udohiyu
Truly(Ud.)=udohiye
Trust(v.)=howa-ayelvdi
Truth=duyugodv
Try=anelvdodi
Try it= -anelidi-
Tuesday=taline-iga (2nd day)
Turkey=gvna
Turn(v.)=agatahvsdi
Turnip=daquasanv
Turtle=ulinawi
Type=digagodi
Twin=digatlawa, dinilawi (use last)
Two=tali
Ugly=unegilvdi
Uncivilized=geyatahi
Un-civilize=maladanvtigi
Uncle=edutsi
Uncouth(Ud, ill-mannered)=uyoi-nidusdvihi
Under=hawinaditlv
Underlying(Ud.)=hawinaditlv-ganagvanete
Understand=golisdi; understand it= -oli-; Ud/golisdi
Understanding (n., Ud)=golisdo
Unfair=niduyugodvna
Unite=aligodi
Universal=igvwanadalegi
Universe(Ud.)=nigadvo
Unobstructed(Ud.)=tla-igvyaditlita
Until=igohida
Up=galvladitlv, galvladi
Upper=galvladitlv
Us=itsulaayv, (Ud.) itsulv
Use=gvdodi, gvdiha (use last form)
Useless=nulisgediyvna
Using=gvdisgvi
Valley=gedaliyvi
Vanish,Disappear=adisgalodi
Varied=dutlilostanv
Vein=uloisdi gigv
Very=dohiyu, doyu, udohiyu(use last)
Virtue=nasganvna
Visible=gvgawadvdi
Vision=agowadvdi
Visit (vb, Ud)=adawadvti
Visit (n., Ud)=adawadvdo
Voice=kanegv-unoyvgv
Waist=udatlosdv
Wait=agatidisdi
Waiting=agatiyv
Wake (v. tr.)=ayetsv
Wake (up, v. intr.)=(Ud.) ayegi, ayegu
Walk= ai, aisv
Walnut=sedi
Want=aduladi
Want it= -aduli-
War=danatlihv, dawana, danawa, danuwa (use last form)
Warm=uganawa
Warn=uyotsvhi
Was=geegi (Ud/gesvise)
Wash=agvsquosdi(Ud. giloi
Water=amá
Wave (n., of water, Ud.)=asolvo
Way (manner)=galohisdi
Way (road)=nvnohi
We=itsula
Weak=udanila
Wealth=nuwehnavi
Wealthy=uwehnai (u we hna i)
Wear=anuwosdi
Wearing (n., Ud)=dunuwao
Wears (Ud)= dunuwase
Weasel=tsisgatsi
Wednesday=tsoine-iga (3rd day)
Weeds=ganulvhi
Week=sunadodaquasdi
Weep=atloyasdi, atloyiha (Ud. use first)
Weeping (Ud., n.)=atloyasdo
Welcome=ulihelisdi(Ud.=v.)
Welcome(Ud., n.)=ulihelisdo
Welcome(Ud., adj.)=ulihelisdihi
Welcomed(Ud., ppt)=ulihelisdita
West=West=wudeligvi, wudaligv
What=kato, gadousdi; what is this=doisdihina
Wheat=utsalesdi
When=hilayvi (Ud. interr. & rel.)
When(rel)=iyuno
Where=hatlv, hatlvno
Where (rel & int, Ud)=hatlv
Which(interr.)=gado-usdi
Which(rel.)=nasgi (or Ud. na)
While=nahiyui
Whisky=wisgi
White=unega, unegv
White man=yonega
White person=ayvwunega
Who=gago
Who (rel, Ud)=kagoi, nasgi (use last)
Whole (complete)=kaliwohi
Wholly=nigadv-kalii
Why=gadono
Wide=ayatena
Width=ayatenetso
Wife=atsiyehi
Wild=geyatahi
Wildcat=gvhe
Wilderness=inagei
Willing=udvnvisdi
Willingly(Ud)=udvnvisde, udvne
Win=adatlohisdi
Wind=unole, unolehidi
Window=tsolani
Winter (middle part of it)=ayeli gola (use gola)
Wisdom=agadohvsdi
Wise=agatahnai
Wisely (Ud)=agatahnae
Wish=aduladi
Witch=sgili
With=gvdodi
Within=hawiniditlv
Without=nutloyasdvna
Wolf=wahayi, wahya, waya
Woman=ageyv
Women=anisgeyv
Wood=ada
Word=kaneisdi -s=dikaneisdi
Work=digalvwisdanedi
Work (n., Ud)=digalvwisdano
Worked=dulvwisdanelvgi
Worked (Ud.)= dulvwisdanise
World (Ud)=equa-elohi
Worm=tsisgoya
Worse=esgaiyv
Worship=adadolisdodi
wren=tsitsi
Write= -oweli-, howelvga, gowelodi (use last form)
Writer=gowelisgi
Writing=digoweli
Year(s)=tsudetiyvda (s&p), sudetiyvda
Yellow=dalonige(i)
Yes=v v (v:v’) or simply “v:”
Yesterday=utlvhi
Yet=gila
Yield (surrender)=tsudayohisdi
You(singular)=nihi
You (plural)=-itsi
Young=ayoli
Younger=ayolige
Youngest=ayoligesdodi
Your=nihi (if pl. obj, Ud/nihidi)
Yourself(Ud.)=nihvsa
Youth=adusgi


OUTLINE OF UDUGI GRAMMAR:

As in Cherokee, Udugi has no definite or indefinite article, but if it is felt necessary, “hia” (this) can be used for the direct article, and “saquu” (one) can be used for the indirect article.

Generally the Cherokee/Udugi word order is SVO (subject-verb-object), and as in English adjectives go before the noun.

Cherokee often does not have plural forms of nouns and usually prefixes them when it does, but in Udugi, “-di” can always be added at the end to indicate the plural..

In both Cherokee and Udugi, prepositions (in, on, with, etc.) go after instead of before the noun.

Unlike Cherokee, Udugi has suffixed tense and mood forms: -ase = present tense, -ise = past, -ose = future, -use =conditional, -u = imperative.

Udugi indicates the direct object with the suffix “-ne.” Accompanying adjectives need not agree.

VOCABULARY:

Except for a few neologisms, all Udugi vocabulary comes from Cherokee.

PITCH: Udugi ignores pitch.

DIALECTS:

Udugi has no dialects so far, but prefers the Eastern (NC) forms.

THE LANGUAGE:

Udugi (pronounced udúgi) is a Cherokee-based constructed language. The name “Udugi” means “hope.” The language was created by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.

Please do not try to use the language for secret purposes, because it is no secret, and 80% of it can be understood by a Cherokee speaker with no prior study.


Text © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Memorial Day, 2020: Lawrence

Lawrence W. Jacobson, my father's first cousin, died on 10 February 1944, bravely fighting the Nazis. My father never mentioned him, and I had never heard of him until a couple of years ago. I doubt that anyone else is mentioning him, or thinking about him today, so I'll do it now.

"He who watches over you will not slumber or sleep."

May his memory be for a blessing.


Below is a poem I wrote, shortly after learning of Lawrence Jacobson's existence.


Lawrence

You were Dad's first cousin,
but he never mentioned you,
said little about James,
your father,
perhaps because you kept alive
what others let die.
On 10 February 1944
you traded Horton,
Kansas, for a bombing run
over Brunswick,
Germany, with the roaring
of the bomber's engines
in your ears.
You would not see
115 East 15th Street
again, nor the girl
you left behind.
They would give your
Service Number,
17128088,
an Air Medal
and a Purple Heart
that you
would never see.
The roaring
of the bomber's engines
has stopped.
10 February 1944
was a Thursday.
Sunrise: 06:12.
Sunset: none.

Donald Jacobson Traxler
Oct. 4 2018

Text © 2018-2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.

nigadv iga / Every Day (Udugi, en, fr, es, pt)

nigadv iga ayv hagatase galvlo-adelohohisdine
gadolequi na gili
gayula unvtase.

ᏂᎦᏛ ᎢᎦ ᎠᏴ ᎭᎦᏔᏎ ᎦᎸᎶ-ᎠᏕᎶᎰᎯᏍᏗᏁ
ᎦᏙᎴᏈ Ꮎ ᎩᎵ
ᎦᏳᎳ ᎤᏅᏔᏎ.

Every day I check the weather forecast
to find out what the dog
already knows.

Chaque jour je regarde les prévisions météo
pour découvrir ce que le chien
sait déjà.

Todos los días miro el pronóstico del tiempo
para descubrir qué es que el perro
ya sabe.

Todo dia eu olho para a previsão do tempo
para descobrir o que o cachorro
já sabe.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

If There Were Two of Me

If there were two of me,
would one be older and wiser,
stronger or weaker,
would they be a balance,
or a doubling of force?
And finally, would the world
be better for it,
or worse?

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.

edolidohisgi igohida hawina / Time Traveler (Udugi, en, fr, es, pt)

nvlasanete doyegi
nudale igohida nidvlenvda,
atsvyai usganole agisdase udotlvsvne,
anvdadisdanete
nigadvne.

ᏅᎳᏌᏁᏖ ᏙᏰᎩ
ᏄᏓᎴ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ,
ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎤᏍᎦᏃᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᏓᏎ ᎤᏙᏢᏒᏁ,
ᎠᏅᏓᏗᏍᏓᏁᏖ
ᏂᎦᏛᏁ.

emerging from another time,
he slowly takes form,
remembering
everything.

sortant d'une autre époque,
il prend lentement forme,
se souvenir
tout.

emergiendo de otro tiempo,
lentamente toma forma,
recordando
todo.

emergindo de outra época,
ele lentamente toma forma,
lembrando
tudo.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

I have created a new Facebook group, udugi nigadv nasgihai (Udugi for All), for all who would like to learn the Udugi language. All are welcome.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

84,000 Visits and Twenty-eight Chapters

Good evening, my friends (or whatever time of day it is where you are). It has been a busy day here, as most of them are. Today we passed the milestone of 84,000 visits to this blog. I am proud to say that those visits have come from more than a hundred of the world's countries. Thank you, all of you, for your continued interest and enthusiasm.

The "twenty-eight" in the title of this post refers to the number of chapters in the Gospel According to Matthew, which as most of you will have noticed, I am currently translating into Udugi. I've translated approximately two and a half of those chapters so far, so the project will last for a while.

Another project, that of supplying the vowel points (at least approximately) for Shem-Tob's Hebrew Matthew, is on hold for the present.

With all of this, my poetry, prose, and photography are proceeding apace, driven only by inspiration, and not by any schedule or agenda. They are simply what they are, and I am only the middle man.

I hope this blog brings some joy into your lives. Thank you for giving it that chance. Wadó, ꮹꮩ.

Text © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler. Image courtesy of my cousin Fergus McCarthy, of Midleton, Co. Cork, Ireland.

Bearer of Light

Bearer of light,
have mercy on us.

Kyrie, eleison.

Bringer of life,
have mercy on us.

Kyrie, eleison.

Guardian of all,
have mercy on us.

Kyrie, eleison.

Ruler of rulers,
gift of gifts,
treasure of treasures,
and wisdom of the wise,
have mercy on us.

Kyrie, eleison.
Kyrie, eleison.
Kyrie, eleison.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.

He Lives Among the Trees

He lives among the trees,
and greets you from nature.

atsvyai alenidohase tlugvdi nunadvnv,
ale adalihelisdase nihine gvwao nidvlenvda.

Il vit parmi les arbres,
et vous accueille de la nature.

El vive entre los árboles,
y te saluda desde la naturaleza.

Ele mora entre as árvores,
e cumprimenta você da natureza.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2 in Udugi (complete)

ᎠᏯᏙᎸᎢ 2     ayadolvi 2

1  noquu hilayvi tsisa udenv gaduyi tsudiyi hawina, igadi elodv ugvwiyuhi vhnai, gvniyuquo, agatahnai asgayadi nvlise kalvgvi nidvlenvda tsilusilimi didla,

2  hineganete, hatlv gesvase nasgi na udenv ugvwiyuhi anitsusi? igvnisisgi itsula gowatise utseli noquisine kalvgv hawina, ale itsula nvlise adadolisdodi nasgine.

3  hilayvi elodv ugvwiyuhi advgise nasgi-hia iyusdidine, atsvyai gesvise adadeyadodita, ale nigadv tsilusilimi nasgi gvdodi.

4 ale ulosonv atsvyai gatlisodise itsula nigadv ugvniyuhi-adonisgidine ale dinowelisgidine yvwi vhnai, atsvyai adadvdodise nasgidv didla hatlv gesvuse udenv galonedv vhnai.

5  ale nasgidv hinegise nasgi didla, gaduyi hawina tsudiyi vhnai: igvnisisgi hia-iyv gesvase gowelodita adelohosgi gvdodi,

6  "ale nihi, gaduyi, elohi tsudiyi hawina, tla gesvase usdigesdodi ugvwiyuhi-uwetsi ayeli tsudiyi vhnai: igvnisisgi nihi-nidvlenvda nvlose ugvwiyuhi na asdawadvsdose aqua yvwine isili."

7  nahiyvi elodv, ulosonv atsvyai utselide uyanise agatahnai asgayadi, adadvdodise nasgidvne  alinigvnehie hilayvi noquisi gananugoisdise.

8  ale atsvyai adanvsdise nasgidvne gaduyi didla, ale hinegise, hena ale ayasdu alinigvnehie ayoli ayotline; ale hilayvi nihi awadvdise nasgine, asiquo ayohisdu kaneisdine ayv didla, yadvhna na ayv yeliquose nvli ale adadohisdodi nasgine nasquv.

9  hilayvi nasgidv advgise ugvwiyuhine, nasgidv ahnagisdiyise; ale gvniyuquo, noquisi, na hagatise kalvgvi hawina, anagisdise nasgidv igvyiditlv, igohida nasgi nvlise ale gadogise hanani galvladitlv hatlv gesvise ayoli ayotli.

10 hilayvi nasgidv agowadodise noquisine, alihelisdise galosvstanvhi.

11 hilayvino nasgidv nvlise adanelv nahnai, nasgidv hagatise ayoli etsi meli gvdodi, ale eladi ulosvgise ale adadolisdodise nasgine: ale hilayvi nasgidv asduidise unatseli tsugvwalodine, nasgidv udanedise adanedodine nasgi didla; adelv-dalonige, ale uganasdv-gawasvgi-adla, ale mila.

12  ale gesvanete uyotsvhita unelanvhi gvdodi asgitisga hawina na nasgidv ase tla hulutsi elodv didla, nasgidv ahnagisdiyise nasgidvsa elohi nudale nvnohi gvdodi.

13  ale ulosonv nasgidv ahnagisdiyise, gvniyuquo, anidawehi unelanvhi vhnai gananugoisdase tsowa didla asgitisga hawina, hineganete, dilodu ale agisdu ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine, ale ulatisdu itsidv nahnai, ale edodu uhna igohida ayv ayohisdose kaneisdine nihi didla: elodvno ayasdose ayoli ayotline adahisdi nasgine.

14  hilayvi atsvyai dilodise, atsvyai agisdise ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine svnoyi gvdodi, ale ahnagisdiyise itsidv nahnai.

15  ale gesvise uhna elodv ayohuhisdi igohida: akalisodi nane na unelanvhi kanegvise adelohosgi digvwalosv, hineganete, doyegi itsidv nidvlenvda ayv uyanvdise aqua uwetsine.

16  nahiyui elodv, hilayvi atsvyai gowatise atsvyai gesvise nudanvdvnita agatahnai asgayadi gvdodi, gesvise galosvstanvhi uhnalvha, ale adanvsdise doyegi ale adahisdise nigadv ayotlidine na gesvise gaduyi ale utseli atlilodv-gvgodvdi hawina, tali tsudetiyvda ale gayolige, ditoladi igohida na atsvyai alinigvnehie adadvdodise agatahnai asgayadine.

17  nahiyui gesvise akalisodita na kanegvise tselimaya adelohosgi, hineganete,

18  lemayi hawina kanegv gesvise advgita, daniyvgvi, ale atloyasdo, ale utsati unelugvi, letsili atloyasdanete utseli uwetsidi nasgihai, ale tla gesvuse tsosedvita, igvnisisgi nasgidv tla gesvase.

19  aseno hilayvi elodv gesvise uyohusv, gvniyuquo, anidawehi unelanvhi vhnai gananugoisdise asgitisga hawina tsowa didla itsidv hawina.

20  hineganete, dilodu ale agisdu ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine, ale hena elohi isiliyi nahnai: gesvaseno uyohusv nasgidv na ayasdise vlenidohvne ayoli ayotli vhnai.

21  ale atsvyai dilodise ale agisdise ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine, ale nvlise elohi isiliyi nahnai.

22  aseno hilayvi atsvyai advgise na atsila gesvise ugvwiyuhi tsudiyi hawina hanani utseli edoda hawina, elodv, atsvyai gesvise asgaihv anagisdi uhna: aseno, gesvanete uyotsvhita unelanvhi gvdodi asgitisga hawina, atsvyai agatahvsdise utselidv utanidigadohi gelili nahnai.

23  ale atsvyainvlise ale ganlvise gaduhvi hawina uyanvdita naselidi: akalisodi na gesuise kanegvita adelohosgidi gvdodi: atsvyai gesvose uyanvdita naselidano.

1  ᏃᏊ ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᏥᏌ ᎤᏕᏅ ᎦᏚᏱ ᏧᏗᏱ ᎭᏫᎾ, ᎢᎦᏗ ᎡᎶᏛ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎥᎿᎢ, ᎬᏂᏳᏉ, ᎠᎦᏔᎿᎢ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᏗ ᏅᎵᏎ ᎧᎸᎬᎢ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏥᎷᏏᎵᎻ ᏗᏜ,

2  ᎯᏁᎦᏁᏖ, ᎭᏢ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎾᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎤᏕᏅ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎠᏂᏧᏏ? ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎪᏩᏘᏎ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏃᏈᏏᏁ ᎧᎸᎬ ᎭᏫᎾ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏅᎵᏎ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᏁ.

3  ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎡᎶᏛ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᎠᏛᎩᏎ ᎾᏍᎩ-ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏍᏗᏗᏁ, ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎠᏓᏕᏯᏙᏗᏔ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᏛ ᏥᎷᏏᎵᎻ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎬᏙᏗ.

4 ᎠᎴ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᏎ ᎢᏧᎳ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎤᎬᏂᏳᎯ-ᎠᏙᏂᏍᎩᏗᏁ ᎠᎴ ᏗᏃᏪᎵᏍᎩᏗᏁ ᏴᏫ ᎥᎿᎢ, ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎠᏓᏛᏙᏗᏎ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᏗᏜ ᎭᏢ ᎨᏒᎤᏎ ᎤᏕᏅ ᎦᎶᏁᏛ ᎥᎿᎢ.

5  ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎯᏁᎩᏎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏜ, ᎦᏚᏱ ᎭᏫᎾ ᏧᏗᏱ ᎥᎿᎢ: ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ-ᎢᏴ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎪᏪᎶᏗᏔ ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎩ ᎬᏙᏗ,

6  "ᎠᎴ ᏂᎯ, ᎦᏚᏱ, ᎡᎶᎯ ᏧᏗᏱ ᎭᏫᎾ, Ꮭ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎤᏍᏗᎨᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ-ᎤᏪᏥ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏧᏗᏱ ᎥᎿᎢ: ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏂᎯ-ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏅᎶᏎ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ Ꮎ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏙᏎ ᎠᏆ ᏴᏫᏁ ᎢᏏᎵ."

7  ᏀᎢᏴᎢ ᎡᎶᏛ, ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎤᏤᎵᏕ ᎤᏯᏂᏎ ᎠᎦᏔᎿᎢ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᏗ, ᎠᏓᏛᏙᏗᏎ ᎾᏍᎩᏛᏁ  ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᎯᎡ ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᏃᏈᏏ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗᏎ.

8  ᎠᎴ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗᏎ ᎾᏍᎩᏛᏁ ᎦᏚᏱ ᏗᏜ, ᎠᎴ ᎯᏁᎩᏎ, ᎮᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏯᏍᏚ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᎯᎡ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟᏁ; ᎠᎴ ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᏂᎯ ᎠᏩᏛᏗᏎ ᎾᏍᎩᏁ, ᎠᏏᏉ ᎠᏲᎯᏍᏚ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗᏁ ᎠᏴ ᏗᏜ, ᏯᏛᎿ Ꮎ ᎠᏴ ᏰᎵᏉᏎ ᏅᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏙᎯᏍᏙᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᏁ ᎾᏍᏋ.

9  ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᏛᎩᏎ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯᏁ, ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᎿᎩᏍᏗᏱᏎ; ᎠᎴ ᎬᏂᏳᏉ, ᏃᏈᏏ, Ꮎ ᎭᎦᏘᏎ ᎧᎸᎬᎢ ᎭᏫᎾ, ᎠᎾᎩᏍᏗᏎ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎢᎬᏱᏗᏢ, ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏅᎵᏎ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏙᎩᏎ ᎭᎾᏂ ᎦᎸᎳᏗᏢ ᎭᏢ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟ.

10 ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᎪᏩᏙᏗᏎ ᏃᏈᏏᏁ, ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗᏎ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ.

11 ᎯᎳᏴᎢᏃ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᏅᎵᏎ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᏀᎾᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎭᎦᏘᏎ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎡᏥ ᎺᎵ ᎬᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎡᎳᏗ ᎤᎶᏒᎩᏎ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᏍᏙᏗᏎ ᎾᏍᎩᏁ: ᎠᎴ ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᏍᏚᎢᏗᏎ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗᏁ, ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎤᏓᏁᏗᏎ ᎠᏓᏁᏙᏗᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏜ; ᎠᏕᎸ-ᏓᎶᏂᎨ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏍᏛ-ᎦᏩᏒᎩ-ᎠᏜ, ᎠᎴ ᎻᎳ.

12  ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎠᏁᏖ ᎤᏲᏨᎯᏔ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᎦ ᎭᏫᎾ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᏎ Ꮭ ᎱᎷᏥ ᎡᎶᏛ ᏗᏜ, ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᎿᎩᏍᏗᏱᏎ ᎾᏍᎩᏛᏌ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏄᏓᎴ ᏅᏃᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ.

13  ᎠᎴ ᎤᎶᏐᏅ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᎿᎩᏍᏗᏱᏎ, ᎬᏂᏳᏉ, ᎠᏂᏓᏪᎯ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎥᎿᎢ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏓᏎ ᏦᏩ ᏗᏜ ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᎦ ᎭᏫᎾ, ᎯᏁᎦᏁᏖ, ᏗᎶᏚ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᏚ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᏥᏁ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎳᏘᏍᏚ ᎢᏥᏛ ᏀᎾᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎡᏙᏚ ᎤᎿ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏲᎯᏍᏙᏎ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏗᏁ ᏂᎯ ᏗᏜ: ᎡᎶᏛᏃ ᎠᏯᏍᏙᏎ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟᏁ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᏁ.

14  ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᏗᎶᏗᏎ, ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏎ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᏥᏁ ᏒᏃᏱ ᎬᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎿᎩᏍᏗᏱᏎ ᎢᏥᏛ ᏀᎾᎢ.

15  ᎠᎴ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎤᎿ ᎡᎶᏛ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ: ᎠᎧᎵᏐᏗ ᎾᏁ Ꮎ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎧᏁᎬᎢᏎ ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎩ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ, ᎯᏁᎦᏁᏖ, ᏙᏰᎩ ᎢᏥᏛ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎠᏴ ᎤᏯᏅᏗᏎ ᎠᏆ ᎤᏪᏥᏁ.

16  ᏀᎢᏳᎢ ᎡᎶᏛ, ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎪᏩᏘᏎ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᏄᏓᏅᏛᏂᏔ ᎠᎦᏔᎿᎢ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ, ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎤᎿᎸᎭ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗᏎ ᏙᏰᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎯᏍᏗᏎ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏲᏟᏗᏁ Ꮎ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎦᏚᏱ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏟᎶᏛ-ᎬᎪᏛᏗ ᎭᏫᎾ, ᏔᎵ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎦᏲᎵᎨ, ᏗtᎣᎳᏗ ᎢᎪᎯᏓ Ꮎ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᎯᎡ ᎠᏓᏛᏙᏗᏎ ᎠᎦᏔᎿᎢ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᏗᏁ.

17  ᏀᎢᏳᎢ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎠᎧᎵᏐᏗᏔ Ꮎ ᎧᏁᎬᎢᏎ ᏤᎵᎹᏯ ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎩ, ᎯᏁᎦᏁᏖ,

18  ᎴᎹᏱ ᎭᏫᎾ ᎧᏁᎬ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎠᏛᎩᏔ, ᏓᏂᏴᎬᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏙ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎤᏁᎷᎬᎢ, ᎴᏥᎵ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏓᏁᏖ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎤᏪᏥᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎭᎢ, ᎠᎴ Ꮭ ᎨᏒᎤᏎ ᏦᏎᏛᎢᏔ, ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ Ꮭ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ.

19  ᎠᏎᏃ ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎡᎶᏛ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ, ᎬᏂᏳᏉ, ᎠᏂᏓᏪᎯ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎥᎿᎢ ᎦᎾᏄᎪᎢᏍᏗᏎ ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᎦ ᎭᏫᎾ ᏦᏩ ᏗᏜ ᎢᏥᏛ ᎭᏫᎾ.

20  ᎯᏁᎦᏁᏖ, ᏗᎶᏚ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᏚ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᏥᏁ, ᎠᎴ ᎮᎾ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎢᏏᎵᏱ ᏀᎾᎢ: ᎨᏒᎠᏎᏃ ᎤᏲᎱᏒ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ Ꮎ ᎠᏯᏍᏗᏎ ᎥᎴᏂᏙᎲᏁ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟ ᎥᎿᎢ.

21  ᎠᎴ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᏗᎶᏗᏎ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏎ ᎠᏲᎵ ᎠᏲᏟᏁ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᏥᏁ, ᎠᎴ ᏅᎵᏎ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎢᏏᎵᏱ ᏀᎾᎢ.

22  ᎠᏎᏃ ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎠᏛᎩᏎ Ꮎ ᎠᏥᎳ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ ᏧᏗᏱ ᎭᏫᎾ ᎭᎾᏂ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎡᏙᏓ ᎭᏫᎾ, ᎡᎶᏛ, ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎨᏒᎢᏎ ᎠᏍᎦᎢᎲ ᎠᎾᎩᏍᏗ ᎤᎿ: ᎠᏎᏃ, ᎨᏒᎠᏁᏖ ᎤᏲᏨᎯᏔ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᎩᏘᏍᎦ ᎭᏫᎾ, ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎠᎦᏔᎲᏍᏗᏎ ᎤᏤᎵᏛ ᎤᏔᏂᏗᎦᏙᎯ ᎨᎵᎵ ᏀᎾᎢ.

23  ᎠᎴ ᎠᏨᏯᎢᏅᎵᏎ ᎠᎴ ᎦnᎸᎢᏎ ᎦᏚᎲᎢ ᎭᏫᎾ ᎤᏯᏅᏗᏔ ᎾᏎᎵᏗ: ᎠᎧᎵᏐᏗ Ꮎ ᎨᏑᎢᏎ ᎧᏁᎬᎢᏔ ᎠᏕᎶᎰᏍᎩᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ: ᎠᏨᏯᎢ ᎨᏒᎣᏎ ᎤᏯᏅᏗᏔ ᎾᏎᎵᏓᏃ.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 22-23 in Udugi

22  aseno hilayvi atsvyai advgise na atsila gesvise ugvwiyuhi tsudiyi hawina hanani utseli edoda hawina, elodv, atsvyai gesvise asgaihv anagisdi uhna: aseno, gesvanete uyotsvhita unelanvhi gvdodi asgitisga hawina, atsvyai agatahvsdise utselidv utanidigadohi gelili nahnai.

23  ale atsvyainvlise ale ganlvise gaduhvi hawina uyanvdita naselidi: akalisodi na gesuise kanegvita adelohosgidi gvdodi: atsvyai gesvose uyanvdita naselidano.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 19-21 in Udugi

19  aseno hilayvi elodv gesvise uyohusv, gvniyuquo, anidawehi unelanvhi vhnai gananugoisdise asgitisga hawina tsowa didla itsidv hawina.

20  hineganete, dilodu ale agisdu ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine, ale hena elohi isiliyi nahnai: gesvaseno uyohusv nasgidv na ayasdise vlenidohvne ayoli ayotli vhnai.

21  ale atsvyai dilodise ale agisdise ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine, ale nvlise elohi isiliyi nahnai.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 16-18 in Udugi

16  nahiyui elodv, hilayvi atsvyai gowatise atsvyai gesvise nudanvdvnita agatahnai asgayadi gvdodi, gesvise galosvstanvhi uhnalvha, ale adanvsdise doyegi ale adahisdise nigadv ayotlidine na gesvise gaduyi ale utseli atlilodv-gvgodvdi hawina, tali tsudetiyvda ale gayolige, ditoladi igohida na atsvyai alinigvnehie adadvdodise agatahnai asgayadine.

17  nahiyui gesvise akalisodita na kanegvise tselimaya adelohosgi, hineganete,

18  lemayi hawina kanegv gesvise advgita, daniyvgvi, ale atloyasdo, ale utsati unelugvi, letsili atloyasdanete utseli uwetsidi nasgihai, ale tla gesvuse tsosedvita, igvnisisgi nasgidv tla gesvase.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Translation: Where the Rubber Meets the Road - II

One of the first problems I ran into, in translating the Gospel of Matthew into Udugi, was that I didn't know the Cherokee (Tsalagi) word for "virgin," I have several Cherokee dictionaries, both on paper and on-line, but none could provide me with this word. So I referred to the Cherokee New Testament, translated in the 1840s. To securely identify the proper word, I used a concordance to locate a few more example in the New Testament, learning that the correct word was ꭰꮫ (adv). Having a similar problem with the word "treasure," I used the same technique. I happened to be using an old copy of Cruden's, which gave me this information: "the word 'treasure,' among the Hebrews, signifies anything collected together; provisions, stores." I found this very interesting, and wondered what the word meant to a Cherokee. In the Cherokee New Testament, the word is "tsugvwalodi" (ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ), a word that also means "valuable." So there is our answer: it means "valuables." I know that I will confidently be able to use the same word when I get to Mt. 6:21, "for where your valuables are, there will your heart be, also."

The gifts of the Three Wise Men presented an interesting and instructive problem. Gold was probably not, originally, a store of value for the Cherokee, since the only market for it would have been where metallurgy was practiced--far away. In modern Cherokee, gold is "dalonige," a word that also means "yellow." But I learned from the Cherokee NT that it was called "adelv-dalonige," which means "yellow shake," probably referring to the panning process. Silver is still called "adelv-unegv," "white shake." Gold was not important in the Cherokee culture of the early nineteenth century, so it is ironic that a little gold, found in a creek in northern Georgia, was one of the principal reasons for the forced removal of the Cherokee from their ancestral lands.

"Frankincense" presented more of a problem. Cherokee has no "f" sound, and the living dialects do not have "r," either. Looking it up in the Cherokee NT, I found that the missionaries had translated it as "sweet-smell-rubber," and I have done the same in Udugi. The closest thing in any First Nations culture might be sage, but it's common, so might not be thought of as a fit gift for a king.

In the Cherokee NT, "myrrh," which comes from Arabia and East Africa, and is not part of Native American culture, was called "mila," without explanation, by the missionaries. Not being quite sure what it is myself, I have, in Udugi, followed their lead.

Sometimes the translations of the missionaries were quite clever, and served well. For example, they must have known, or someone among them did, that in Hebrew Bethlehem (beit-lehem) means "house of bread." Since Cherokee has no "b" or "th," and words cannot end in a consonant, they did not try to represent the sound. In Cherokee, Bethlehem is Gaduyi, which means "Bread-place."

Similarly, the Cherokees of today call Bartlesville, OK "Gugu," which means "Bottle." Sometimes (e.g. in the case of "frankincense," one follows the meaning, and sometimes, as in the case of "myrrh," one follows the sound.

So if I tell you that the Cherokee word for "spear" is "digatisdi," you'll now know the meaning of "adelv-digatisdi," right?

(to be continued, probably)

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Food for Thought

Here is some food for thought (at least, my thought): yesterday's blog post "Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 13-15 in Udugi," has received 15 visits in the last 24 hours, a healthy number of visits, and more than any other post received during that period. This is partly because the most recent posts usually get the most visits. But on the face of it, one would question whether it would get more than a couple of visits, if any at all. But there is something going on here. The Udugi language is acquiring a following. It is becoming popular--the question is, with whom? I would be happiest if the audience turned out to be the Tsalagi people. But I would also be happy if First Nations people of many different tribes, who have lost or are losing their indigenous language were embracing Udugi, whose apt name means "Hope."

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 13-15 in Udugi

13  ale ulosonv nasgidv ahnagisdiyise, gvniyuquo, anidawehi unelanvhi vhnai gananugoisdase tsowa didla asgitisdi hawina, hineganete, dilodu ale agisdu ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine, ale ulatisdu itsidv nahnai, ale edodu uhna igohida ayv ayohisdose kaneisdine nihi didla: elodvno ayasdose ayoli ayotline adahisdi nasgine.

14  hilayvi atsvyai dilodise, atsvyai agisdise ayoli ayotline ale utseli etsine svnoyi gvdodi, ale ahnagisdiyise itsidv nahnai.

15  ale gesvise uhna elodv ayohuhisdi igohida: akalisodi nane na unelanvhi kanegvise adelohosgi digvwalosv, hineganete, doyegi itsidv nidvlenvda ayv uyanvdise aqua uwetsine.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Translation: Where the Rubber Meets the Road - I

ᎭᏢ ᎠᏜ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏓᏎ ᏅᏃᎯᏁ
hatlv adla ditlohisdase nvnohine

I've been in the translation business, on and off, since 1963. Some things have changed enormously, but others are still true, and always will be.

Back then, machine translation was only a dream. The early attempts at it were terrible, a joke, really. I assiduously avoided it, not dipping my feet into those smelly waters, even for very limited purposes, until the late 1990s. The software available then was atrocious, and led to disastrous results, more often than not, unless you knew the source and target languages well enough to properly edit the output of the program. In other words, it was almost useless.

Things began to change about ten years ago. There are still many very poor translation programs, but one or two are quite amazing. The one I consistently use, when I use one at all, is Google Translate. I am not aware of anything else that is as good. One can translate between any pair of languages out of a list of 100 languages. Depending upon the quality of implementation for any specific language, the results can be excellent. Most of the time, I only need to change a few words.

So that is where we stand with regard to the technical side of the process. Naturally, if you need to translate to or from a language that is not on the list, you are out of luck, and must do the whole thing manually. But there is something else to be considered, and it is the part of the process that fascinates me most: every translation is also a cross-cultural process. When the cultures are similar, as is usually the case among the European languages, there may not be much of a problem. When, however, you have widely varying cultures, as is usually the case with indigenous languages, the cross-cultural aspect can be quite challenging.

The Bible is the most-translated book on earth. It has been translated, in whole or in part, into more than a thousand languages. These translations often involve an enormous cultural gulf that must somehow be bridged. I am currently working on a translation of the Gospel of Matthew into Udugi, a constructed language that is based on Cherokee (Tsalagi, ꮳꮃꭹ) vocabulary, but has a much simpler, Esperanto-like grammar. I am basically translating Matthew from the King James Version (KJV) of 1611, frequently consulting the Cherokee New Testament, translated in the 1840s. In addition to a wide cultural gulf to be bridged, there is linguistic change to be reckoned with on both ends of the process.

Cherokee is extraordinarily complex in its verb system, which is one of the reasons why it is now an endangered language. In addition, it has an extremely restrictive phonology (it lacks the p, b, f, and v sounds, which are unpronounceable to a monolingual Cherokee-speaker). Among natural languages, there are only four others that have no bilabials: Wichita (Caddoan family), Aleut (Eskimo-Aleut), and Eyak and Hupa (both Na-Dene). One of these languages, Wichita, does not even have the "m" sound, which Cherokee does have. The others, like Cherokee, do have "m." Interestingly both Cherokee (Southern Iroquoian) and Wichita use the "Qu" (kw) sound to represent the unpronounceable "p" and "b" bilabial stops. Both languages are part of the Keresiouan macro stock within Almosan-Keresiouan, so they are distantly related. Linguistically, if no longer culturally, the Cherokee are "Plains Indians." Udugi, by the way, uses the Cherokee phonology, so has the same limitations as Cherokee.

The restrictive phonology mentioned above explains the name Qualla for the Cherokee reservation in North Carolina: it was named after a woman whose first name was Paula. It also explains why the Biblical name Abraham appears in Cherokee as "Equahami" (pronounced as "Egwahami" in Oklahoma). "Mary appears as "Meli" because the living dialects of Cherokee have "l," but not "r." There is no "sh" sound, so I have to follow previous practice and represent the name "Jesus" as "Tsisa." "Joseph" (also per previous practice) is "Tsowa," and "Herod" is "Elodv." "v" is a vowel that sounds like the "u" in the English word "but."

(to be continued)

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 9-12 in Udugi

9  hilayvi nasgidv advgise ugvwiyuhine, nasgidv ahnagisdiyise; ale gvniyuquo, noquisi, na hagatise kalvgvi hawina, anagisdise nasgidv igvyiditlv, igohida nasgi nvlise ale gadogise hanani galvladitlv hatlv gesvise ayoli ayotli.

10 hilayvi nasgidv agowadodise noquisine, alihelisdise galosvstanvhi.

11 hilayvino nasgidv nvlise adanelv nahnai, nasgidv hagatise ayoli etsi meli gvdodi, ale eladi ulosvgise ale adadolisdodise nasgine: ale hilayvi nasgidv asduidise unatseli tsugvwalodine, nasgidv udanedise adanedodine nasgi didla; adelv-dalonige, ale uganasdv-gawasvgi-adla, ale mila.

12  ale gesvanete uyotsvhita unelanvhi gvdodi asgitisdi hawina na nasgidv ase tla hulutsi elodv didla, nasgidv ahnagisdiyise nasgidvsa elohi nudale nvnohi gvdodi.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

When they saw the star, they rejoiced Mt 2:10 (Cherokee, Udugi, en, fr, es, pt)

Matthew 2:10

Cherokee (ꮳꮃꭹ): unigohvno nasgi noquisi, utsatanvhi unalihelitsei. / ᎤᏂᎪᎲᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏃᏈᏏ, ᎤᏣᏔᏅᎯ ᎤᎾᎵᎮᎵᏤᎢ.

Udugi (ꭴꮪꭹ): hilayvi nasgidv agowadodise noquisine, alihelisdise galosvstanvhi. / ᎯᎳᏴᎢ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᎪᏩᏙᏗᏎ ᏃᏈᏏᏁ, ᎠᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗᏎ ᎦᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅᎯ.

English (KJV): When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.

English (modern): When they saw the star, they rejoiced exceedingly.


Quand ils ont vu l'étoile, ils se sont beaucoup réjouis.

Cuando vieron la estrella, se regocijaron en extremo.

Quando eles viram a estrela, eles se alegraram muito.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 5-8 in Udugi

5  ale nasgidv hinegise nasgi didla, gaduyi hawina tsudiyi vhnai: igvnisisgi hia-iyv gesvase gowelodita adelohosgi gvdodi,

6  "ale nihi, gaduyi, elohi tsudiyi hawina, tla gesvase usdigesdodi ugvwiyuhi-uwetsi ayeli tsudiyi vhnai: igvnisisgi nihi-nidvlenvda nvlose ugvwiyuhi na asdawadvsdose aqua yvwine isili."

7  nahiyvi elodv, ulosonv atsvyai utselide uyanise agatahnai asgayadi, adadvdodise nasgidvne  alinigvnehie hilayvi noquisi gananugoisdise.

8  ale atsvyai adanvsdise nasgidvne gaduyi didla, ale hinegise, hena ale ayasdu alinigvnehie ayoli ayotline; ale hilayvi nihi awadvdise nasgine, asiquo ayohisdu kaneisdine ayv didla, yadvhna na ayv yeliquose nvli ale adadohisdodi nasgine nasquv.

 
Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

utiyvhi / Balance (Udugi, en, fr, es, pt)

gesvase utiyvhi
adanvtediyi ale nulinigvgv ayeli,
galvladihi
ale elohihi ayeli,
ulasigi
ale ulvsada ayeli.
itsula yeliquo nigohilvi asquanigododi
na utiyvhine.

ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎤᏘᏴᎯ
ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗᏱ ᎠᎴ ᏄᎵᏂᎬᎬ ᎠᏰᎵ,
ᎦᎸᎳᏗᎯ
ᎠᎴ ᎡᎶᎯᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ,
ᎤᎳᏏᎩ
ᎠᎴ ᎤᎸᏌᏓ ᎠᏰᎵ.
ᎢᏧᎳ ᏰᎵᏉ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎢ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ
Ꮎ ᎤᏘᏴᎯᏁ.

There is a balance
between mental and physical,
between heavenly
and earthly,
between dark
and light.
May we always keep
that balance.

Il y a un équilibre
entre mental et physique,
entre céleste
et terrestre,
entre l'obscurité
et la lumière.
Puissions-nous toujours garder
cet équilibre.

Hay un equilibrio
entre mental y físico,
entre celestial
y terrestre,
entre oscuridad
y luz.
Que siempre podamos mantener
ese equilibrio.

Existe um equilíbrio
entre mental e físico,
entre celeste
e terreno,
entre escuro
e luz.
Que possamos sempre manter
esse equilíbrio.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.

Matthew Chapter 2, Verses 1-4 in Udugi

1  noquu hilayvi tsisa udenv gaduyi tsudiyi hawina, igadi elodv ugvwiyuhi vhnai, gvniyuquo, agatahnai asgayadi nvlise kalvgvi nidvlenvda tsilusilimi didla,

2  hineganete, hatlv gesvase nasgi na udenv ugvwiyuhi anitsusi? igvnisisgi itsula gowatise utseli noquisine kalvgv hawina, ale itsula nvlise adadolisdodi nasgine.

3  hilayvi elodv ugvwiyuhi advgise nasgi-hia iyusdidine, atsvyai gesvise adadeyadodita, ale nigadv tsilusilimi nasgi gvdodi.

4 ale ulosonv atsvyai gatlisodise itsula nigadv ugvniyuhi-adonisgidine ale dinowelisgidine yvwi vhnai, atsvyai adadvdodise nasgidv didla hatlv gesvuse udenv galonedv vhnai.

Text and image © 2020 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮨᏺꭽꮅ.