Translation and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
Yesterday we passed the milestone of 140,000 visits to this poetry/writing/photography blog. This is partly (largely) due to pirate activity. My favorite pirate is currently in Japan, where she is perhaps visiting family. This has had a huge impact on the blog statistics, where Japan has risen to the top and the US has sunk to the bottom of the top ten countries. She has worked so hard on stealing my content for her own purposes that I think she should simply be allowed to publish the collection on which she is working. Indeed, I shall allow it in her case, but in no other.
There has been some activity on the photographic front in recent weeks. I acquired, on a trip to a local thrift store, about $500 worth of used Canon 35mm equipment. I know the current values, because I checked them online at KEH Camera (this is a free mention, I am not being reimbursed for it). Naturally, I am going to use this equipment.
Why, you may ask, would I want to shoot film rather than digital? A big reason is the light-response curve of film, as opposed to photocells. Film emulsion responds to light geometrically, as the human eye does. The photocells in digital cameras and cell phones respond only linearly, resulting in flatter images. In digital, black-and-white photography, I compensate by increasing the contrast, typically by about 23%. This helps, but it's still not the same as what the eye would see.
The photo below was shot on film, Ilford FP4 Plus, at its nominal EI of 100. The camera was a Mamiya C33 Professional TLR (which I still have). The 2-1/4"x2-1/4" (6x6cm) negative was scanned on a Canon TS6220 printer, at 600 dpi (a real film scanner would have given me at least three times the resolution of this image, thereby regaining the advantage of medium format):
And here is a digital photo, taken under similar lighting conditions, with compensatory editing:
And here is the same digital photo, without the compensatory editing:
Convinced yet?
If you want shadows that are deep, yet have subtle gradation of tones, without losing your highlights, film is the way to go. You can clean up and edit your negatives digitally in just a few minutes, and print (if you want to) from the digital file. No more laborious hours in the darkroom, seeking the perfect print. In fact, if you have a changing bag and light-tight developing tanks, you don't even need a darkroom.
I might add that handling a well-made, high-end film camera from the days before everything became plastic is truly a sensual experience.
The two rolls of film? They are 400TX, brand new, expiration 5/20/2023, made by Kodak in USA. About $13.95 each (for 36 exposures) at my local camera store, or about $10 per roll in other places.
Text and images Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
ᎦᏙᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎢᏒ ᏅᎩ ᎦᏅᏍᎨᏂᏗ ᎾᎿ, ᏔᎵ ᎦᏅᏍᎨᏂᏗ ᎾᎿ, ᎠᎴ' ᏦᎢ ᎦᏅᏍᎨᏂᏗ ᎾᎿ?
ᎦᏬᎯᎵᏴᏛ: ᏴᏫ.
gadousdi aisv nvgi ganvsgenidi nahna, tali ganvsgenidi nahna, ale' tsoi ganvsgenidi nahna?
gawohiliyvdv: yvwi
When Cherokee and Udugi are written in the Roman alphabet, the letter "v" represents the sixth vowel, which sounds like "uh" in English.
The Sequoia Syllabary is only suitable for writing Cherokee and Udugi, because it only contains the phonology (sounds) of those languages. Since Udugi vocabulary is based on Cherokee, it uses the same sounds--it's just a matter of a simpler grammar. I estimate that a Cherokee speaker (they are getting rarer by the day) can figure out 80% of Udugi without previous study.
The riddle above can teach you the meanings of ten Udugi words. I published a complete Udugi dictionary (including a sketch of the grammar) in this blog on May 26, 2020. It is also the pinned post in my profile. You have everything you need to get started in this wonderful, expressive language.
Text Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ᏃᏈᏏ-ᎤᎦᏔ.
ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎦᎸᏉᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏛᎬᎠᏎ ᎣᏪᏅᏒ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏛᎬᎠᏎ ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏛᎬᎠᏎ ᎠᎵᏍᏕᎸᏙᏗ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎢᏧᎳᎠᎢᏒ ᎦᏌᏆᎸᏁ, ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᎾᎩᏍᏓᏎ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾ ᏅᏓ ᎥᎿᎢ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᎢᏒ ᎦᏌᏆᎸᏁ, ᎢᏧᎳ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎤᏰᎸᎭ, ᎪᎯᏳᎯ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎣᎬᏌ, ᏏᏴᏫ ᏐᎢ, ᎬᏩᎣ, ᎠᎴ' ᎡᏆ-ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᏗᏜ. ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎭᏫᎾ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎠᏍᎦᏯᏗ ᎠᎴ' ᎠᎨᏯᏗ, ᎠᏎᏃ Ꮭ ᎠᏲᏟᏗ (ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᎩᏛ ᎠᏲᎦᏎ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗᏁ ᎠᎴ' ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᏁ. ᎢᏳᏃ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᎤᏲᎢ ᎾᏛᏁᎲᎢ ᎦᏌᏆᎸ ᎭᏫᎾ, Ꮎ ᏏᏴᏫ ᎠᏎ ᎠᏓᏅᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ' Ꮭ ᏰᎵᏆᏎ ᎥᎦᎷᏨ.
ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᎦᎸᏉᏗ ᏎᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ ᏅᎩ, ᎠᎴ' ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏥᎸᏉᏓᏎ ᏅᎩ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛᏗᏁ: ᎧᎸᎬᎢ (ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎩᎦᎨ), ᎤᎦᎾᏭ (ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎤᏁᎬ), ᏭᏓᎵᎫ (ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎬᎾᎨ), ᎠᎴ' ᎤᏴᏢᎢ (ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᏌᎪᏂᎨ).
ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᏚᏙᎥ ᎨᏒᎠᏎ "ᏃᏈᏏ-ᏧᏂᏴᏫ".
ᎢᏳᏃ ᏂᎯ ᏰᎵᏆᏎ ᎪᎵᏱ ᎯᎠ ᎥᏓᏘᏃᎯᏎᏗᏁ, ᏂᎯ ᏰᎵᏆᏎ ᎠᏂᎩᏍᏗ ᎣᏤᎵ ᎦᏌᏆᎸᏁ.
Text and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ᏃᏈᏏ-ᎤᎦᏔ.
Ꮭ ᎤᏩᏌ ᎧᏅᏬᏙ ᎢᏧᎸ ᎥᎿᎢ, ᎠᏎᏃ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎧᏅᏬᏙ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎥᎿᎢ.
Not only healing of us, but also healing of the earth.
Text and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮓꮘꮟ-ꭴꭶꮤ.
Photo credit: Bob Traxler, Phoenix AZ. All rights reserved.
Text Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler, ꮓꮘꮟ-ꭴꭶꮤ.
I am in much better shape for 35mm photography than I am for medium-format. I actually do have a real film scanner for 35mm. What I have is a Wolverine F2D, Version 6.00. When it was made, the latest version of Windows was Windows 7, but it works great with my Windows 10. It's so compact that it would be tempting to think of it as a toy, but believe me, it isn't one. It's very well made, and has a resolution of 1800dpi.
The photo above was scanned this morning, using the Wolverine. The original shot was from October, 1975. It was shot in front of a mirror, using a Pentax Spotmatic with a 50mm, f1.4 lens. The film was Tri-x, shot at ASA 400 and undoubtedly developed in D-76 at normal strength. If I can get quality this good, even shooting into a mirror, there is absolutely no reason, except for grab shots and convenience, for me to shoot digital.
Here are a few more examples of film negatives scanned to digital:
So, I think you can see in which direction my thoughts are heading. If I have a decent scanner, photo editing software, and a computer, all I need to do analog photography in the 35mm format is film developing chemicals, a rubberized-cloth changing bag, some daylight developing tanks and reels, and a decent 35mm camera. I have to make a trip to my local camera store for the chemicals, but I have the changing bag, and tanks and reels (Paterson System 4, my favorite). Most of this is due to some judicious thrift-store shopping. But wait--I sold my 35mm cameras! Ah, read on!
I was recently in a thrift store (not unusual), and saw two camera bags in the glass case at the counter. Naturally, I asked the nice lady to let me see what was in them. It turned out that there were two Canon 35mm SLRs, an AE-1 Program and an EOS Rebel 2000. The AE-1 was in pristine condition, in an ever-ready ("never-ready") case that was not even scuffed, and included a Canon FD 28mm, f2.8 lens. The AE-1 was one of the first (and best) SLRs to have auto-exposure capability. It was also built like a tank, and they'll never make cameras that way again A true vintage classic.
The other camera, the EOS Rebel 2000, was a little more recent. You immediately notice that it weighs considerably less than the AE-1. It came with a Canon 28-80mm zoom lens. This camera is capable not only of auto-exposure, but also of autofocus. Both cameras have internal programs built in for various picture-taking scenarios.
They wanted $25 for each camera. In other words, what had been about $1000 worth of photo equipment back in the day, was now available to me for $50. Of course, I bought both of them.
I was more interested in the pristine AE-1, more the type of camera I was used to back in the '70s. (I had owned an auto-exposure Chinon that worked with my automatic screw-mount lenses.) The only problem was, I couldn't get the shutter of the AE-1 to work. At first I thought it was jammed, but it turned out that it just needed a fresh battery. Once I put one in (A544), everything worked perfectly.
There were no batteries in the EOS. Once I put in a couple of CR2s, everything worked just fine. The proof, of course, is in the picture-taking.
I am now ready to begin the adventure of getting back into film photography. I'll let you know how it goes.
(to be continued)
Text and images Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
Back in 1968 or '70, I got my first fully adjustable camera. I was a penniless hippie at the time, so it was a Voightländer folding camera, made in Braunschweig, Germany in the '20s or '30s. I paid $5 for it, including the original leather case. When used correctly, it made glorious, 3-1/2" x 5" negatives, on 116 film, 8 exposures per roll. That film was discontinued a few years later, one of the first to go. Somehow, I acquired an old, horizontal 4x5 enlarger. With that, I made prints up to 16x20 inches, including a gorgeous landscape of the cliffs at Torrey Pines Beach, which I was never able to duplicate with 35mm. All of this was very exciting.
Over the years, I had great luck with some of the larger medium-format cameras, including several 4x5 Speed Graphics and a wooden 5x7 studio camera with a split back and a convertible lens. That split back gave me two 3-1/2" x 5" negatives, so it was like coming full circle. The results were delicate and beautiful.
Over the years, I did plenty of 35mm work, too, but what I loved was medium-format. It's still what I love, although I no longer have a darkroom.
What you see in the photo above is my last darkroom. I had to dismantle it and sell/donate it in 2012, so that we could move to Uruguay.
Aye, there's the rub: the darkroom. Now, at age 79, you couldn't pay me to spend hours in the darkroom, trying to get the perfect print of a single shot. But there was a time when some people did.
Film still has to be developed, but it can be loaded into the can in a changing bag. Light-tight daylight developing tanks take the place of the darkroom, at least for most purposes. The developed negatives are dried and then scanned into digital files on the computer, where they can quickly be edited using modern methods.
So why do this, if you're going to end up with a digital image anyway? There is one very big reason: film and light-sensitive digital-camera cells have very different light-response curves. In film-based analog photography, the light-response curve is geometric, a steep parabola; digital-camera photocells, though, have a linear (straight-line) response to light. Our eyes respond to light geometrically, not linearly. If you think your digital photos look flat, especially in black and white, this is the reason. Many people (including me) jack up the contrast of black-and-white digital photos to compensate. I typically increase the contrast by 23% for this purpose. It helps, but it's still not a true geometric curve of response to the light.
How much does this really matter? For me, the answer depends on the kind of photography you're doing. If you're shooting hard-edged subjects, with lots of contrast, like this:
then it probably doesn't matter much.
But if you're shooting soft-edged subjects, with subtle gradations of shading, for example black-and-white nudes (which is mostly what I shoot),
or if you are going for moody, evocative lighting, then film has the advantage.
I should mention that I don't yet have a true film scanner for medium-format negatives. I scanned these negatives using an ordinary printer-with-scanner (Canon TS6220), which has a maximum resolution of 600 dpi. A real film scanner would give at least 1200 or 2400 dpi. All photos were shot with a Mamiya C33 Professional (which I still have) and 80mm Mamiya-Sekor lens.
Is film dead? I don't think so. Not in my book, anyway.
(to be continued)
Text and images Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
Today we are passing the milestone of 139,000 visits to this blog. I thank you all (in some 100 countries) for your continued interest and loyalty.
Lately I've been thinking a lot about things that have to be left behind when they no longer serve us. This can mean different things to different people: friendships, relationships, habits, beliefs, addictions, or even countries.
I've also been looking through a lot of old photos on my hard disk, some of which I hadn't seen or posted for years. The unabashed photo below is one example. It was taken in March of 2014, which is late summer in Uruguay. Because it was the end of summer, and because I had been doing pool maintenance in the buff for more than a year, you see me with maximum tan.
Uruguay is a great little country, and we liked it very much. Still, after six years there, we had to leave it behind. Legally, we could have stayed there for the rest of our lives (the original plan), but things change. A time came when we (especially Sandy) needed better access to healthcare. In that situation, Uruguay was no longer serving us, and we had to leave it behind.
Of course, we left a lot of other things behind, including friends, of which we had many in the expat community. I, in addition, left behind tools and hundreds of books. I basically only kept what could not be replaced.
What I want to suggest is that such a time may be coming, spiritually and psychically, for many of us. It's worth thinking about.
Text and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
In trying to restart my project of a new translation of the Psalms, I have found myself struggling with cultural norms of three thousand years ago. If you want to know exactly what I mean, look at my translation of Psalm 137, which I published in this blog on 10 December 2018. I left the last verse untranslated, in Latin, because it expressed a cruelty (to children) that I could not abide. It turns out that I am not tough enough for the Middle East of 900 BCE. Even in the context of war, such unfathomable cruelty offends me.
I am a seventy-nine-year-old poet who is also a naturist and a feminist. I happen to be able to translate some ancient languages that most people can't, because my education prepared me for a world that no longer exists. As a naturist, body-shame offends me. As a feminist, the subjugation of women offends me. As one who believes in mercy and truth, senseless cruelty offends me.
It has taken me seventy-nine years to become who I am, and I am still trying to live accordingly. I'll not give that up easily. It seems to me that we cannot enshrine and perpetuate the mistakes of the past, if we are to walk peacefully and joyfully into the future.
Text and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
The best text of the Psalms is the Hebrew text underlying the Greek of the Septuagint. Unfortunately, we don't have it. The Septuagint itself contains the oldest Psalter in existence, approximately a thousand years older than the Masoretic Text. St. Jerome's Latin text, based on the Septuagint, is a very felicitous translation, and one that was at the heart of European religion and civilization for more than a thousand years. As a translation of some of the oldest poetry that we have, I don't think it has ever been surpassed. For all of these reasons, it is my starting point for my own translations of the Psalms. But I do not sit on a one-legged stool: I also consult the Greek and the Hebrew.
I translated Psalms 1-34/35 in the period 19 April 2017 - 1 July 2017. Later, I translated a few more, as follows (Masoretic numbering):
Psalm 121 5 Oct. 2018, 23-24 Nov. 2018, 25 Nov. 2018.
Psalm 61 29 Nov. 2018, 30 Nov. and 1 Dec. 2018.
Psalm 100 10 Dec. 2018
Psalm 137 10 Dec. 2018
Psalm 121 (in English and Udugi) 3 Feb. 2019 (also video)
Psalm 117 (in English and Udugi) 10 June 2021.
(Any of these blog entries can be read by clicking the arrows in the list to the right so that they point downward, opening year, month, and day.)
I have, thus, already translated 40 Psalms, out of the total of 150 canonical Psalms.
The work is not easy. I sometimes spend hours deciding on a single word. Typically, I have an array of half a dozen books open around me, to the displeasure of my wife, who accuses me of "spreading out" in our shared office.
I have 110 Psalms to go, and then I have to prepare the whole for publication. I am 79 years old. I may not be able to finish this project without help. If you, or someone you know, would like to collaborate, please let me know, explaining what you would bring to the table. I can be reached via email: exolinguist at gmail dot com. Thanks.
Text Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
The second version that St. Jerome offered to Pope Damasus (translated from the Hebrew) is actually quite interesting. The underlying Hebrew text is pretty close to the Masoretic Text that we know today. This Hebrew text would be about 400 years older than the Masoretic, and about 550 years YOUNGER than the Hebrew text underlying the Septuagint. The Septuagint is about a thousand years older than the Masoretic Text, thus much closer to the source.
The version that Pope Damasus accepted, St. Jerome's Latin translation of the Greek of the Septuagint (shown on the left-hand page in the illustration above) became the standard in the Catholic Church. Orthodox churches used the Septuagint directly. There was, thus, overall agreement as to meanings.
The Septuagint isn't only a thousand years older than the Masoretic Text, it also reflects an underlying Hebrew text that was more complete and less corrupt. As an example of this, I'll give the case of the missing verse in Psalm 145 of the Masoretic Text, numbered as Psalm 144 in the Septuagint and the Vulgate.
Psalm 144/145 is an alphabetic acrostic. In other words, in the original Hebrew, each verse begins with a letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and they appear in alphabetic order. But in the Masoretic Text, the verse beginning with the Hebrew letter "Nun" is missing. Apparently, that verse was missing in the manuscripts that the Masoretes had before them. But we know what the verse said, both because it does appear in at least one pre-Masoretic manuscript of this Psalm, and because it appears in the Septuagint.
Here is the Hebrew version of the missing verse:
נאמן יהוה בכל־דבריו וחסיד בכל־מעשיו
And here it is in St. Jerome's Latin, based on the Septuagint:
fidelis Dominus in omnibus verbis suis the Lord is faithful in all his words
et sanctus in omnibus operibus suis and holy in all his works
(to be continued)
Text and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
A social-media friend of mine posted the original, color version of the illustration above. I have rendered it here in black and white in order to make the writing at the bottom more legible. It is a painting by Jean Fouquet, dated to 1452-1460, from a Book of Hours of the time.
The words are in Latin, with the characteristic abbreviations of the fifteenth century. Since I am not a paleographer, it took me a while to puzzle them out. Here they are, in more readable form:
Deus in adiutorium meum intende O God, come to my aid,
Domine ad adiuvandum me festina. O Lord, hurry to help me.
These are the opening words of Psalm 69 (in Septuagint/Vulgate numbering)/70 (in Masoretic Text numbering). Psalm 69/70. The words have been familiar to me since my youth (I was raised Catholic, and could read Latin long before I graduated from high school). The words are even more familiar, because for centuries they were recited by priests, monks, and nuns as part of the Roman Breviary.
As a poet, I cannot help but be impressed by the smooth, flowing quality of these words and indeed, all of St. Jerome's Latin translation of the Greek of the LXX (Septuagint).
The first question that arises for the prospective translator of the Psalms is which text/language to translate. Which text is oldest? Which text is most original? Which text is the least corrupt? In this case, the choices are pretty much the following:
Septuagint (Greek) ca. 150 BCE
Dead Sea Scrolls (Hebrew) ca. 30-50 CE, fragmentary
St. Jerome's Latin translation from the Hebrew ca. 400 CE
St. Jerome's Latin translation from the Septuagint ca 400 CE
The Masoretic Text (carefully conserved and pointed Hebrew) ca. 800 CE
The Septuagint got that name because it was supposedly translated by seventy of the most learned scholars in the Jewish community of Alexandria, a great center of learning at the time. We can gage its success and its influence by the fact that most of the biblical quotations in the New Testament are from the Septuagint, and it is still authoritative today for all Orthodox churches.
The Dead Sea Psalms scrolls number between thirty-nine and forty-four, and all, unfortunately, are fragmentary. Even the Great Psalms Scroll (11Q5), which covers mostly Psalms 90-150 plus a few non-canonical ones, lacks six or seven lines at the bottom of every column. The others are in many fragments.
The only part of the Bible for which St. Jerome produced two separate translations is the Book of Psalms. One translation was based on the Hebrew text (pre-Masoretic and still unpointed) of his time. The other was based on the Greek of the Septuagint. Jerome offered both to Pope Damasus, and the Pope chose the translation based on the Septuagint. The rest is ecclesiastical and monastic history.
(to be continued)
Text Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
Prayer for the World
I would also have liked to include:
Imba jua juu
na kuomba chini,
na kutembea kwa uzuri
pamoja na dada zako na kaka zako
siku nzima.
Laula aurinko ylös
ja rukoile auringonlaskun aikaan,
ja kävellä kauneudessa
sisarten ja veljien kanssa
koko päivä.
Text and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.
"A man's a man, for a' that." So said one of my supposed ancestors, Robert Burns. But my great-grandmother Moore, who made much of that relatively doubtful connection, was in fact a direct descendant of nobility and royalty of Wales, Cornwall, England, and Ireland, going all the way back to Brian Boru, High King of Ireland. I'm pretty sure that my great-grandmother never knew about any of this. Neither did I, until eight or ten years ago. Why should she know? Why should I? "A man's a man, for a' that."
Now, of course, we have DNA results, and I know for the first time that I am part Finnish, which I like. Some of that Finnish may actually be Sámi, which I also like, because it is reminiscent of Native American. In fact, I get a warm feeling when I listen to Sámi singing, for the same reason. But "a man's a man, for a' that." Does it really matter?
There is another genealogy, which is the genealogy of the soul. It cares not a whit about DNA, but traces one's spiritual influences. I have many, and I cherish them all.
As usual I thank you, loyal readers, for your loyalty and continued interest. I wish all of you a happy holiday season.
Note on the illustration: I shot this selfie two years ago, and have never before posted it. Even now, I haven't really chosen it. Its number (2653) was given to me last night in a dream. This is the way I operate, much of the time.
Text and image Copyright © 2021 by Donald C. Traxler aka Donald Jacobson Traxler.